MYOLOGY Flashcards
What is myology?
The study of the structure, arrangement and action of muscles.
What are the two main types of muscle?
- Voluntary
- Involuntary
What type of muscle is skeletal muscle?
Voluntary muscle that attaches to and moves the skeleton.
What type of muscle makes up the wall of the heart?
Cardiac muscle.
What type of muscle is found in organs such as the gut and bladder?
Smooth muscle.
What is the belly of a skeletal muscle?
Contractile cells where the ‘work’ happens.
What is the proximal attachment of a skeletal muscle called?
‘Origin’.
What is the distal attachment of a skeletal muscle called?
‘Insertion’.
What happens when a muscle contracts?
Movement results when the muscle contracts and shortens.
Can muscles lengthen themselves?
No, muscles cannot lengthen themselves.
What is the connective tissue component that surrounds each muscle fibre?
Endomysium.
What surrounds each fascicle or bundle of muscle fibres?
Perimysium.
What surrounds the whole muscle?
Epimysium.
What are the three types of muscle attachment?
- Fleshy
- Tendinous
- Aponeurosis
What is a fleshy attachment?
Muscle fibres attach directly to the bone via a small amount of connective tissue.
What is a tendinous attachment?
Muscle fibres attach to a cord of connective tissue that then attaches to bone.
What is an aponeurosis?
Muscle fibres attach to a sheet of connective tissue, which attaches to another muscle or bone.
What is the criterion for classifying skeletal muscle?
Muscle fibre direction.
What are the three classifications based on muscle fibre direction?
- Parallel
- Oblique
- Circular
What is pennation in muscles?
The angle at which the fibres insert into the tendon.
What are some naming criteria for muscles?
- Size
- Shape
- Location
- Number of ‘heads’
- Action
What is a bursa?
Closed sacs of synovial membrane that contain synovial fluid.
What is the function of a bursa?
Allow muscles to slide over other structures without friction.
