Nerves 1 Flashcards
what 2 systems make up the nervous system?
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
what does the CNS and PNS consist of?
CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - autonomic NS and somatic NS
describe the movement of autonomic and somatic NS in the PNS
autonomic - involuntary (controls thing you aren’t consciously aware of)
somatic - voluntary (controls things you are aware of)
how many pairs of spinal nerves does the spinal cord have?
31 pairs
spinal nerves in the spinal cord differs from 8 to 7? true or false
true it is 8 ONLY in the spinal cord nerves though
what is the role of the dorsal and ventral root?
ventral - travels sensory/afferent information from the PNS to the CNS
dorsal root- travels motor/efferent information from the CNS to the PNS
why is the white matter & grey matter of the brain called this
white ; as it contains axons
grey matter; contain cell bodies
describe the different neuron types ; bipolar, pseudounipolar and multipolar
bipolar and psuedounipolar neurons have their soma in the middle
multipolar; just a normal neuron
what is Glial?
other 90% of cells
list the 4 Glial cell types in the CNS
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,microglia and epindimal cells
what are the Glial cells in the PNS?
Schwann cells
satelitte cells
state 4 roles of astrocytes
-maintain chemical concentrations and gradients
-remove waste
-repair
-play important role in blood brain barrier
what do satellite cells surround ?
surround the autonomic & sensory ganglia
what glial cells are responsible for providing the myelin sheath around the axons
oligiodendrocytes and schwann cells
function of microglia cells
immune role, engulf cells/pathogens
what proportion of the nervous system is responsible for gut activity
the enteric system
what is the cortex?
outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of folded grey matter
what cortex contains grooves , what is the name given to a groove that surrounds the gyrus?
sulcus
what is the function of the cerebrum?
coordinates muscle movement , balance and posture
(located above the cerebullum)
role of cerebellum
controls thought and action
what are the 4 lobes of thr cerebrum
1.frontsl lobe
2. parietal
3. occipital
4. temporal lobe (middle)
function of satellite cells in PNS
regulate the microenvironment of the ganglia
describe the structure of a neuron & where is the ‘initial segment’ located ?
initial segment is just above the axon
dendrites -receive information
soma -contains nucleus
axon-myelinated & unmyelinated
