autonomic physiology

Question 1

what receptor does aceytcholine act on ?

Answer 1

cholinergic receptors

Question 2

what are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 2

-nicotnic receptors
-muscarinic receptors

Question 3

explain sympathetic and parasympathetic functions on your body ( pupils , distance of sight ,heart rate and gut motitlity )

Answer 3

sympathetic - pupils dilate help see far away, heart rate becomes fast and gut motility decreases

parasympathetic -pupils constrict , can see closer, gut motility increases and heart rate decreases

Question 4

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter and act on what receptor

Answer 4

release aceytlcholine and act on cholinergic muscarinic receptors

Question 5

sympathetic postgangilonic fibers release what type of neurotransmitters and act on what type of receptor ?

Answer 5

release noradrenanline or adrenaline and act on adrenergic receptors either alpha AND beta type

Question 6

neurotransmitter adrenaline and noradrenaline act on what type of receptor?

Answer 6

act on adrenergic receptors

Question 7

name the two types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 7

alpha (1 or 2) or beta(1 or 2 )

Question 8

what does the autonomic NS consist of ?

Answer 8

parasympathetic and sympathetic & enteric

Question 9

describe the myelination in the pre-ganglionic and post ganglionic fibers in the ANS/autonomic system

Answer 9

preganglionic - myelinated

postganglionic -unmyelinated

Question 10

where do the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system leave the spinal cord?

Answer 10

thoracic and lumbar region

Question 11

where are the ganglia located (paravertebral and prevertebral gangilia)

Answer 11

(sympathetic) trunk - paravertebral

anything else = prevertebral

Question 12

White ramus is what kind of ganglionic fibre and why?

Answer 12

preganglionic due to its myelination

Question 13

how to PREganglionic fiberes in the sympathetic nervous system work?

Answer 13

release aceytlcholine acting on nicotinic cholinergic receptor

Question 14

where do nerves leave the spinal cord in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

cranial and sacral

Question 15

what do preganglionic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system respond to?

Answer 15

aceytlcholine in the nicotinic receptor

(postganglionic is aceytlcholine in MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR)

Question 15

How are sweat glands innervated ?

Answer 15

sympathetic cholinergic fibers

Question 16

explain the sympathetic effect on the eye with alpha and beta receptors

Answer 16

Sympathetic : nordadrenaline acts on alpha 1 receptor contracts the radial muscle , causing pupil to become larger

nordadrenaline acts on beta receptors which relaxes ciliary muscle causing eye to focus further away.

Question 17

what do alpha(1or 2) and beta(1 or 2) receptors do , contract or relax?

Answer 17

alpha contracts

beta relax
(beta 2 relax)

Question 18

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the muscarinic ciliary muscle receptor within the eye? (parasympathetic effect on the eye)

Answer 18

makes ciliary muscle contract causing eye to focus closer

Question 19

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the muscarinic receptors in the sphincter muscle on the iris ?

Answer 19

causes it to contract thereofore making the pupil smaller

Question 20

What is the effect of noradrenaline on the pacemaker cells within the heart?

Answer 20

acts on beta 1 receptors which causes the heart rate to increase

Question 21

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the pacemaker cells within the heart?

Answer 21

acts on muscarinic receptors which reduces heart rate

Question 22

what is the effect of noradrenaline on myocytes

Answer 22

activates b1 receptors which increases the strength of contractions

Question 23

what is the effect of acyetlcholine on myocytes

Answer 23

little effect

Question 23

What is the effect of noradrenaline on the blood vessels?

Answer 23

activates alpha 1 receptors causing smooth muscle to contract, reducing blood flow

activates b2 receptors casuing smooth muscle to relax , increasing blood flow

Question 24

What is the effect of the parasympathetic system (aceytlcholine) on blood vessels?

Answer 24

has no effect on blood vessels

Question 25

what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on energy stores?

Answer 25

activates alpha/beta receptors in liver cells which produces gluecogenesis

also activates alpha/beta receptors in fat cells

Question 26

what effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on energy stores?

Answer 26

no effect

Question 27

describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect on the salivary glands

Answer 27

sympathetic ; thick secretion with enzymes

parasympathetic ; watery solution