Nerve Roots Flashcards
1
Q
How many pairs of spinal nerves?
A
31
2
Q
What is the cervical plexus formed from?
A
Ventral rami
3
Q
What are the roots of the lesser occipital nerve?
A
C2
4
Q
What are the roots of the great auricular nerve?
A
C2-C3
5
Q
What are the roots of the transverse cervical nerve?
A
C2-C3
6
Q
What are the roots of the supraclavicular nerve?
A
C3-C4
7
Q
What innervation can cause HA with OA?
A
C2-C3
8
Q
What innervates the greater occipital nerve?
A
C2
9
Q
What does C1 innervate?
A
geniohyoid and throhyoid muscles through the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
10
Q
What is the innervation of the superior root of ansa cervicalis?
A
C1 through hypoglossal nerve
11
Q
What is the innervation of the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?
A
C2-C3
12
Q
What are the target muscles of ansa cervicalis?
A
infrahyoid neck muscles except thyrohyoid
13
Q
What are the roots of the phrenic nerve?
A
C3-C5
14
Q
What are the ventral rami of the brachial plexus from?
A
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
15
Q
What are the roots of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
A
C5/C6
16
Q
What are the roots of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?
A
C7
17
Q
What are the roots of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?
A
C8/T1
18
Q
What are the roots of the dorsal scapular nerve?
A
C4 and C5
19
Q
What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?
A
levator scapulae and rhomboids
20
Q
What are the roots of the long thoracic nerve?
A
SALT 57
C5, C6, C7
21
Q
What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?
A
serratus anterior - winging scapula
22
Q
What are the nerves from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
A
Suprascapular and nerve to subclavius
23
Q
What are the nerve roots of the suprascapular nerve?
A
C5 and C6
24
Q
What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
A
supra and infraspinatus
25
What are the nerve roots to nerve to subclavius?
C5 and C6
26
What does the nerve to subclavius innervate?
subclavius
27
What nerves come from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
- lateral pectoral nerve
- musculocutaneous
- branch to median
28
Wha are the nerve roots of the lateral pectoral nerve?
C5-T1
29
What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?
pec major
30
What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve
C5-C7
31
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
- coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis (plus C7)
32
What are the roots of the branch to median nerve?
C5-C7
33
What are the nerves from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
medial pectoral nerve
medial brachial cutaneous nerve
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
ulnar nerve
branch to the median nerve
34
What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?
pec major and minor
35
What are the roots of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
C8-T1
36
What are the forearm muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve?
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- ulnar side 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
37
What are the hand muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve?
- palmaris brevis (distal attachment to skin)
- ulnar side 2 lumbricals
- ulnar head of flexor pollicis brevis
- interossei/adductor pollicis
- hypothenar eminence muscles (abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi)
38
What does the cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?
dorsal and palmar side 1.5 digits
39
What are the forearm muscles innervated by the median nerve?
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- radial 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
- pronator quadratus
40
What is layer 1 of the forearm? (median n)
pronantor teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus
41
What is layer 2 of the forearm? (median n)
flexor digitorum superficialis
42
What muscles are part of layer 3 of the forearm?
flexor pollicis longus, radial half of flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus
* AIN!
43
What are the hand muscles innervated by the median nerve?
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis (radial head)
- opponens pollicis
- radial side 2 lumbricals
44
What is innervated by the cutaneous branch of the median nerve?
radial palmar side 3.5 fingers and dorsal DIP
45
What are the roots of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
46
What are the nerves from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
- upper subscapular nerve
- middle subscapular /thoracodorsal nerve
- lower subscapular nerve
- axillary nerve
- radial nerve
47
What are the roots of the upper subscapular nerve?
C5-C6
48
What is the target muscle of the upper subscapular nerve?
subscapularis
49
What is the target muscle of the thoracodorsal nerve?
lat dorsi (TD68)
50
What are the roots of the thoracodorsal nerve?
C6-C8
51
What are the target muscles of the lower subscapular nerve?
subscapularis and teres major
52
What are the nerve roots for the lower subscapular nerve?
C5-C6
53
What are the nerve roots for the axillary nerve?
C5-C6
54
What are the nerve roots for the radial nerve?
C5-T1
55
What are the target muscles of the axillary nerve?
deltoid, teres minor
56
What is important about teres minor?
Common problem around UE, innervated by the axillary nerve
57
What does the cutaneous branch of the axillary nerve supply?
Shoulder girdle along deltoid
58
What does the radial nerve innervate?
all other UE muscles and skin
59
What are the arm/elbow muscles innervated by the radial nerve?
triceps
brachioradialis (C7)
anconeus
supinator
60
What are the forearm muscles in compartment 1 innervated by the radial nerve?
Abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
(DeQuerivans Syndrome)
61
What are the forearm muscle(s) in the 2nd compartment innervated by the radial nerve?
- extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
62
What are the forearm muscles in the 3rd comparment innervated by the radial nerve?
extensor pollicis longus
63
What are the forearm muscles in the 3rd compartment innervated by the radial nerve?
extensor pollicis longus
*listers tubercle attachment
64
What are the forearm muscles in the 4th compartment innervated by the radial nerve?
extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
65
What are the forearm muscles innervated by the radial nerve in the 5th compartment?
extensor digiti minimi
66
What are the forearm muscles innervated by the radial nerve in the 6th compartment?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
67
What are the muscles in the forearm that are deep and innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)?
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
68
What posturing is associated with the radial nerve?
decerebrate posture
69
What rami is the lumbar plexus from?
ventral rami of T12-L4 spinal nerves directly
70
What are the nerve roots of the Iliohypogastric nerve?
T12-L1
71
What are the nerve roots of the ilioinguinal nerve?
L1
72
What are the nerve roots of the genitofemoral nerve?
L1-L2
73
What are the nerve roots of the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbar plexus?
L2-L4
74
What are the nerves in the anterior division of the lumbar plexus?
Obturator and lumbosacral trunk
75
What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve?
L2-L4
76
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
Medial thigh
77
What are the nerve roots of the lumbosacral trunk?
L4-L5
78
What does the lumbosacral trunk descend into the pelvic cavity for?
sacral plexus
79
What does the posterior division of the lumbar plexus innervate?
lateral and anterior thigh
80
What are the nerve roots of the lateral femoral cutaneous Nerve
L2-L3
81
What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?
L2-L4
82
What nerve is in the IT band distribution and can cause neuralgia?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3)
83
What are the target muscles of the obturator nerve?
- Pectineus
- obturator externus
- adductors: except adductor magnus HS head
- Gracilis
84
What are the functions of the muscles innervated by the obturator nerve?
* Hip ADD/IR or ER (pectineus and obturator externus)
* knee flx/IR (gracilis)
85
What does the cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve innervate?
Medial thigh
86
What are the target muscles of the femoral nerve?
- iliopsoas
- sartorius
- pectineus (also obturator)
- quadriceps
87
What are the functions of the femoral nerve?
Hip FLX/ER
Knee EXT/IR
88
What does the cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve supply?
Anterior thigh
medial leg to foot arch (Saphenous nerve)
89
What does the sacral plexus come from?
ventral rami of spinal nerve
90
What are the nerves from the ventral rami?
- lumbosacral trunk
- sacral spinal nerves
91
What are the nerve roots of the lumbosacral trunk?
L4-L5
92
What are the nerve roots of the sacral spinal nerves?
S1-S4
93
What are the nerve roots of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
S1-S3
94
What are the nerves from the ventral/anterior division of the sacral plexus?
tibial nerve
pudendal nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
95
What are the nerve roots of the tibial nerve?
L4-S3
96
What are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?
S2-S4
97
What are the nerve roots of the pelvic splanchnic nerve?
S2-S4
98
What are the nerves in the dorsal/posterior division of the sacral plexus?
- common fibular nerve
- superior gluteal nerve
- inferior gluteal nerve
99
What are the nerve roots of the common fibular nerve?
L4-S1
100
What are the nerve roots of the superior gluteal nerve?
L4-S1
101
What are the nerve roots of the inferior gluteal nerve?
L5-S2
102
What is the sciatic nerve made up of?
common fibular nerve and tibial nerve
103
What are the target muscles of the superior gluteal nerve?
Glut med, min, and TFL
104
What are the target muscles of the inferior gluteal nerve?
glut max
105
What are the other 5 of 6 external rotators innervated by in the gluteal region?
small spinal nerves
106
What thigh muscle is innervated by the common fibular nerve?
biceps femoris short head
107
What leg muscle is innervated by the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve?
fibularis longus/brevis
108
What leg muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- fibularis tertius
109
What foot muscle is innervated by the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?
extensor hallucis/ digitorum. brevis
110
What are the functions associated with the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?
Knee: FLX/IR
Ankle/Foot: dorsiflexion/inversion/toe EXT
111
What are the functions associated with the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve?
Plantarflexion/eversion
112
What are the innervations of the cutaneous branch of the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve?
lateral leg/ dorsum of the foot EXCEPT b/w 1st and 2nd digit
113
What are the innervations of the cutaneous branch of the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?
Dorsum of foot between 1st and 2nd digit
114
What are the target muscles of the tibial nerve in the posteior thigh?
- hamstrings except biceps femoris short head
- adductor magnus hamstring head
115
What are the innervations of the tibial nerve?
posterior leg muscles
116
What foot muscles are targeted by the tibial nerve?
All foot intrinsic muscles except extensor brevis
117
What are the functions of the hip, knee, and ankle associated with the tibial nerve?
- Hip: EXT
- Knee: FLX/IR/ER
- Ankle/foot: PF, Inv, Add, toe flexion
118
What does the cutaneous branch of the tibial nerve innervate?
posterior leg to lateral foot
- sural nerve (both common fibular and tibial nerve)
sole
- medial calcaneal nerve
- medial and lateral plantar nerve
(MORTONS NEUROMA)
119
What is radiculopathy?
Segmental distribution (multiple peripheral nerves)
120
What is peripheral neuropathy?
localized region (single or multiple peripheral nerves)
121
Where does C1 run?
between occiput and atlas
122
Where does the spinal cord end?
T12-L2
123
Where is the lumbar spinal cord at?
T10-T12 vertebral level
124
