Neruopathology Flashcards
Name the types of pathological changes
Degenerative, Neoplastic, Vascular, Inflammatory, Immunological, Toxic Metabolic Disease, Traumatic
Degenerative Pathological Change
CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE, DIFFUSE
No apparent causes, gradual decrease of function, bilateral or symmetrical
Alzheimer’s & Parkinsons
Neoplastic Pathological Change
CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE, FOCAL,
Gliomas most prevalent type of tumours
Genetics, infectious, environment
Astrocytes cell most reactive
TUMOUR
Vascular Pathological Change
Can be focal (infarct or haemorrhage) or diffuse (subarachnoid haemorrhage/anoxia)
INFARCT (cell death)
O2 deprivation
STROKE
Inflammatory Pathological Change
SUBACUTE OR PROGRESSIVE
DIFFUSE OR FOCAL
REsponse to microorganisms immune reactions or toxins
MENINGITIS
Immunological Disease Pathological Change
DIFFUSE, GRADUAL ONSET, PROGRESSIVE, SYMMETRICAL
MS, HIV
Toxic Metabolic Disease Pathological Change
Endogenous + Exogenous agents
DRUGS, TOXINS, BIOCHEM DISORDERS
ACUTE SUBACUTE OR CHRONIC
WERNICKES ENCEPHALOPATHY
Traumatic Pathological Change
PNS = FOCAL, CNS = DIFFUSE
Accidents
Bleeding, inflammation, resolves
CORKY (dead leg) VS CONCUSSION (headaches, drowsiness, loss of limb functions etc)
Characteristics of Increased Excitability
Focal - Focal Seizures, TOnic Spasm, Muscle Cramps, Paraesthesisa, Paroxysmal Pain
General - Generalised seizure, Tetany
Characteristics of Decreased Excitability
Focal- Stroke, Migraine, Transient neuropathy
General - Fainting, Concussion, catalepsy, periodic paralysis
10 Neuroplasticity Fundamentals
Use or lose it
Use to improve
Specificity
Repetition
Intensity
Timing
Salience
Age
Transference
Interference
Types of Postural Control
Static - ability to safely maintain sitting postures, can progress by changing BOS
Anticipatory - maintaining PC during known movement. eg. STS
Reactive - Various positions + sudden unexpected nudges/pertubations
Adaptive - Test PC in different environments. ( home vs community)
