Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Triad of

  • persistent proteinuria (>3.5g/day)
  • hypoalbuminaemia (<30g/l)
  • oedema (decreased oncotic pressure/water retention)
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2
Q

What is the pattern of oedema in Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Periorbitally

Peripherally (limbs)

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3
Q

What are the two main complications of Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Hyperlipidaemia
Venous thrombosis
-renal loss of thrombo/lipo regulatory proteins

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4
Q

What are the most common primary causes of Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

DM
Minimal change neuropathy
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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5
Q

What are the common secondary causes of Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Bacterial/viral infection
Drugs
Neoplasm

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6
Q

How should Nephrotic Syndrome be investigated?

A
Bloods (FBC, U&amp;Es, CRP, culture)
Urine dip (?infec)
MCS (red cells/Bence-Jones protein)
Urine protein:creatinine ratio
Nephritic screen
Renal USS + biopsy
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7
Q

What are the management options for Nephrotic Syndrome?

A
Diuretics
Salt/water restriction
ACEIs
Anticoagulation (if immobile)
Treat underlying cause
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8
Q

What is Nephritic Syndrome?

A

Tetrad of:

  • haematuria plus red cell casts
  • oliguria
  • proteinuria
  • HTN
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9
Q

What are the key differences between Nephrotic & Nephritic Syndrome pathophysiologically?

A

Nephrotic - non proliferative

Nephritic - proliferative, increased cell numbers/damage

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10
Q

What are the common primary causes of Nephritic Syndrome?

A

IgA nephropathy
Goodpastures
Proliferative glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

What are the common secondary causes of Nephritic Syndrome?

A

SLE

HSP

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12
Q

Describe minimal change nephropathy?

A

V. common in children

Treat w/ steroids, biopsy if no improvement >1mo

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