Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards
What is the cause of nephrotic syndrome?
Any disease that damages the kidneys: cancer, DM, SLE, multiple myeloma, genetic disorders, immune disorders, infections, certain drugs, clomerulonephritis
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome
Proteinuria (foamy urine) Hypoproteinemia (mainly albumin) Edema (may be pitting) Hyperlipidemia Periorbital swelling
S/S nephrotic syndrome
Pallid (Paleness) Anorexia Fatigue Diarrhea Abdominal Pain
What kinds of complications are common with nephrotic syndrome?
Infections
Electrolyte disturbances
Acute renal failure
Where might infections show up as a result of complications of nephrotic syndrome?
Respiratory tract
Skin
Urinary tract
Acute primary peritonitis
How might electrolytes be affected as a result of nephrotic syndrome?
Blood values of sodium, potassium, and calcium will all be decreased
How is nephrotic syndrome managed?
Corticosteroid therapy
Where do UTIs happen?
Kidneys (pyelonephritis)
Ureters (rare)
Bladder (cystitis)
Urethra (urethritis)
What are risk factors for UTIs?
Diabetes Advanced age Urinary retention Catheterization Obstruction (enlarged prostate, narrow urethra, kidney stones) Immobility Female gender Pregnancy Lots of sex.
What are s/s of a bladder infection?
Cloudy urine (may have strong odor) Low grade fever Pain or burning with urination Cramping in the lower abdomen or back Strong need to urinate often
What are the s/s of a kidney infection?
Chills or night sweats Fatigue Fever Flank, back, or groin pain Flushed, warm, or reddened skin MENTAL CHANGES OR CONFUSION Nausea/vomiting
Prevention of UTIs
Drink plenty of water Urinate soon after intercourse Wiping front to back Good hygiene Eat yogurt
Medical management of UTIs
Antibiotics
If reoccurring, treat the primary cause!
PT implications for UTIs
Be able to recognize the s/s of UTI Contact physician - Fever over 102 - Nausea and vomitting - mental status change
