Genitourinary System Flashcards
What are the organs involved with GU system?
Renal artery and vein Kidneys Adrenal gland Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
What are the functions of the kidneys?
Maintain blood homeostasis
- Excrete waste
- Keep nutrients
- Maintain electrolytes
- Maintain acid/base balance
What is the function of the ureters?
Bring urine to the bladder
What is the function of the bladder?
Store urine prior to micturition
What is the function of the urethra?
Expel urine from the bladder
What is normal urine made of?
Water, urea (nitrogenous waste), uric acid (waste from purine metabolism), creatinine (released during anaerobic muscle activity), sodium, potassium, phosphates, sulphates, calcium, magnesium
When would glucose be found in urine?
Recent intake of sugary food, presence of DM
When would protein be found in urine?
Physical exertion, high protein diet, hypertension, glomerulonephritis
When would ketone bodies be found in urine?
Starvation, untreated DM
When would hemoglobin be found in urine?
Hemolytic anemia, severe burns
When would bile be found in urine?
Hepatitis, cirrhosis, bile obstruction
When would erythrocytes be found in urine?
Bleeding due to trauma, kidney stones, infection, cancer
When would leukocytes be found in urine?
UTI
What is EPO?
Erythropoetin - produced by kidneys, controls RBC production
What effect does kidney disease have on blood values?
Chronic anemia - using recombinant EPO eliminates anemia as a major cause of morbidity in dialysis patients
What is creatinine? (Cr)
End product of muscle metabolism
Cellular waste product in urine
Increased Cr in venous blood indicates impaired renal function
What are normal values for Cr?
Female: 0.5 - 1.0 mg/dL
Males: 0.7-1.2 mg/dL
What is BUN?
Blood urea nitrogen - end product of protein and amino acid metabolism
Normal: 5-30 mg/dL
What does increased BUN indicate?
Decreased renal function Reduced fluid intake Increased muscle catabolism Increased protein intake Acute renal infection
Which blood lab values do not require activity modification when abnormal?
Na, CO2/HCO3, Cl, Creatinine, BUN
Which lab values change with renal impairment?
Creatinine and BUN both rise
