Nephrons

Question 1

nephron

Answer 1

functional filtration unit of the kidney

Question 2

each nephron consists of..

Answer 2

• renal corpuscle: flomerulus and glomerular capsule
• renal tubule: proximal convoluted tubule and nephron loop

Question 3

two types of nephrons

Answer 3

cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 4

cortical nephrons

Answer 4

~85% of all nephrons

Question 5

juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 5

• junction with medulla
• ~15% of all nephrons
• renal corpuscle lies near corticomedullary junction
• nephron loop extends deep into medulla

Question 6

nephrons form urine through three processes

Answer 6

• filtration: water, some dissolved solutes move out of glomerulus into capsular space of renal corpuscle, called filtrate
• tubular reabsorption: substances in filtrate return to blood, most water and all needed solutes in filtrate are reabsorbed
• tubular secretion: solutes actively transported out of blood and into tubular fluid

Question 7

renal corpuscle

Answer 7

bulbous part of nephron composed of:
- glomerulus
- glomerular capsule: made of two layers separated by capsular space

Question 8

at corpuscles vascular pole..

Answer 8

the afferent arteriole enters and the efferent arteriole exits

Question 9

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

• begins at tubular pole of renal corpuscle
• reabsorption of nutrients and water into peritubular capillaries, then return to the general circulation

Question 10

nephron loop

Answer 10

projects into the medulla and contains 2 parts, descending and ascending limbs

Question 11

descending limb

Answer 11

extends from the cortex into the medulla

Question 12

ascending limb

Answer 12

returns from medulla into cortex

Question 13

distal convoluted tubules lead to..

Answer 13

collecting tubules that empty into collecting ducts

Question 14

collecting ducts course through..

Answer 14

medulla toward renal papilla

Question 15

urine

Answer 15

one tubular fluid leaves collecting duct

Question 16

collecting duct empties..

Answer 16

into papillary duct that opens into minor calyx

Question 17

minor calyx leads to..

Answer 17

major calyx which leads to pelvis