Nephron Structure and Function Flashcards
Nephrons are:
Millions of tubules that make up our kidneys.
Name the following structure:
The capillary network in which a large portion of the blood plasma filters from the blood vessels into the Bowman’s capsule.
The Glomerulus.
Name the following structure:
Collecting area for filtrate from glomerulus. Blood is pressure filtered to get here.
Bowman’s Capsule.
Name the following structure
Blood vessel entering the glomerulus. Carries normal oxygenated blood.
Afferent arteriole.
Name the following structure:
Blood vessel leaving the glomerulus. Goes to capillary network. Carries thickened blood.
Efferent arteriole.
Name the following structure:
Network of capillaries around the rest of the tubules. Reabsorbs nutrients and H2O.
Peritubular Capillary network.
Name the following structure:
Sugar, salts and amino acids are actively transported out of the filtrate back into the blood. Filtrate is now less concentrated than the blood, and so H2O moves via diffusion from filtrate to blood. First section of Peritubular Capillary network.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule.
Name the following structure:
Dips into the medulla, H2O is absorbed into the blood from the descending limb. Salt is also reabsorbed.
The Loop of Henle.
Name the following structure:
Some materials are actively excreted from blood into the tubule (medication, hydrogen ions, etc.). This is the last chance for materials to be transferred.
Distal Convoluted tubule.
Name the following structure:
Collects filtrate from many distal tubules. Controls the overall water content of urine.
Collecting duct.
List the three stages that take place in the nephron.
Pressure filtration, selective reabsorption, and tubular excretion.
95% of urine is water. What makes up the remaining 5%?
Creatinine, ammonia and uric acid - 0.2%
Dissolved salts and other ions - 2.8%
Urea - 2%
