Enzymes Flashcards
Created using notes from Week 9 of class.
Enzymes are classified as which type of polymer?
Proteins.
Enzymes are formed from chains of this monomer:
Amino acids.
The general function of enzymes are to serve as:
Biological catalysts.
What does it mean when something is an organic catalyst?
It speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy.
The activation energy is the energy needed for reactants to chemically react.
Enzymes may work on ________ reaction at a time, but may be used ________ times.
Enzymes may work on one reaction at a time, but may be used many times.
The lock and key aspect of enzymes means:
Enzymes are specific and will only work with particular substrates.
Where does the substrate bind with the enzyme?
The activation site.
An enzyme-catalyzed reaction saves ________ and __________.
An enzyme-catalyzed reaction saves time and energy.
What does it mean for enzymes to have an induced fit model?
It means that the active site changes in shape slightly to best fit the substrate.
True or False: Once the enzyme has changed shape slightly due to the induced fit model, it cannot return to its original state.
False.
Metabolism is. . .
. . . the sum of all reactions that occur in a cell.
A reaction during which we start out with a polymer and the products are monomers is:
A degradative reaction (hydrolysis).
A reaction during which we start out with monomers and the product is a polymer is:
A synthetic reaction (dehydration synthesis).
List the four factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity:
Substrate concentration, pH, temperature and enzyme concentration.
Enzyme activity ________ as substrate concentration increases, until all active sites are filled and enzyme activity will _____________.
Enzyme activity increases as substrate concentration increases, until all active sites are filled and enzyme activity will level off.
Enzyme activity ________ as temperature increases, until the temperature becomes high enough that enzyme activity will ________ because ___________.
Enzyme activity increases as temperature increases, until the temperature becomes high enough that enzyme activity will cease because the enzymes have denatured.
Why do higher temperatures increase enzyme activity?
Because the substrates and enzymes move faster, will collide and lead to faster reactions.
Optimal pH for an enzyme is:
The pH at which the rate of reaction is highest.
Change in pH may affect an enzyme’s. . .
. . . ability to bond by denaturing the enzyme.
True or false: Once an enzyme is denatured by a change in pH, it cannot return to its original form.
False.
If the enzyme is returned to its optimal pH, it will return to its native form.
True or false: Once an enzyme has been denatured by exposure to extreme heat, it cannot return to its original state.
True.
These molecules sit in the active site to aid in the bonding of an enzyme and a substate.
Cofactors and coenzymes.
Cofactors are:
Ions.
Coenzymes are:
Organic.
This molecule sits in the active site and blocks the substrate from bonding with the enzyme.
A competitive inhibitor.
This molecule sits on the allosteric site and causes the enzyme to change shape slightly.
A non-competitive inhibitor.
The role of an inhibitor is to:
Restrict enzyme activity, which may limit the amount of a particular substrate’s production.
Enzyme concentration is controlled by:
Genetic activation.
An enzyme pathway is:
Like an assembly line, where the product of one enzyme becomes the substrate of the next.
Feedback inhibition is:
Wherein the product of an enzymatic pathway suppresses the activity of those enzymes involved in the product’s creation.
