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Medicine 🩺 > Nephrology 💦 > Flashcards

Nephrology 💦 Flashcards

1
Q

Most sensitive marker of early glomerular pathology

A

Moderately elevated albuminuria (Microalbuminuria)

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2
Q

Pathognomonic for diabetic kidney disease

A

Kimmelstiel Wilson Nodule

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3
Q

Test to diagnose microalbuminuria

A

ACR (3.5-30)

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4
Q

Hallmark of glomerular disease

A

Proteinuria

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5
Q

Early & universal feature of nephrotic syndrome

A

Renal sodium retention

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6
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Minimal change disease

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7
Q

Common cause of adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

A

Membranous Nephropathy

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8
Q

Circulating immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis occurs in-

A

CSE
-Cryoglobulinemia
-Serum Sickness
-Endocarditis

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9
Q

In which diseases glomerulonephritis occurs by planted antigens?

A

-SLE
-Any cause of PIGN

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10
Q

Poor progonstic indicators of glomerular diseases

A

1) Male sex
2) Hypertension
3) Persistent & severe proteinuria
4) Elevated creatinine at the time of presentation
5) Rapid decline in renal function
6) On renal biopsy- Tubulo interstitial fibrosis

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11
Q

Causes of glomerulonephritis associated with low serum complement-

A

“Shelly cries heart broken
No compliment for messy PIe”
-SLE
-Cryoglobulinemia
-Endocarditis
-Messangiocapillary GN
-Post Infectious GN

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12
Q

A patient comes to you with fever and rash on the body with mild generalized weakness. On query, he gives H/O tonsillitis one week back for which he took penicillin. His urine output is normal but slightly turbid.
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) What tests will you run and what findings do you expect?
c) How will you confirm the diagnosis?
d)What will be your first step of management?

A

a) Acute Interstital Nephritis due to penicillin
b) Renal function test: elevated creatinine and urea, electrolyte abnormalities
Urine R/E: Eosinophiluria or neutrophil
c) confirm dx by renal biopsy- 1)intense inflammation
2)infiltration of interstitium and tubules with lymphocytes & eosinophil
d) stop the offending drug

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13
Q

Drugs causing acute tubular necrosis

A

Aminoglycosides
Amphotericin
Paracetamol overdose
Radiographic contrast media

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14
Q

Drugs causing immune mediated interstitial nephritis

A

Penicillin
PPI
NSAID
Mesalazine

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15
Q

Drugs causing toxic interstitial nephritis

A

AIN drugs
Tenofovir
Lithium
NSAIDs
Ciclosporin
Tacrolimus

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16
Q

Which drug causes papillary necrosis

A

NSAIDs

17
Q

Drugs causing crystal nephropathy( tubular obstruction)

A

Aciclovir
Indinavir
Triamterene
Methotrexate
Chemotherapeutic agents
Sulphonamides

18
Q

Drugs causing retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Beta blockers
Cabergoline

19
Q

Risk of which malignancy is highest in renal transplant patient?

A

Skin Squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

Causes of visible hematuria

A

Malignancy
IgA Nephropathy
Urine infection
Stones

21
Q

Cornerstone for diagnosis of prostate cancer-

A

PSA along with DRE

22
Q

Universal sign of IgA nephropathy

A

Non visible hematuria

23
Q

Earliest sign of IgA nephropathy

A

Hematuria

24
Q

Most common glomerular cause of CKD

A

IgA Nephropathy

25
Q

Most common cardiac finding in ADPKD

A

1) Mitral regurgitation
2) Aortic regurgitation

26
Q

A patient with nephrotic syndrome presents with sudden loin pain & hematuria. What is the diagnosis?

A

Venous thromboembolism due to loss of protein C, S and AT-3

27
Q

Triple therapy regimen in transplant patient includes-

A

Prednisolone
Ciclosporin or Tacrolimus
Azathioprine or Mycophenolate M

28
Q

In severely affected patients of lupus nephritis, the most common histological pattern is-

A

Proliferative glomerulonephritis

29
Q

A patient with a history of Inadequate emptying over a long period of time, now presents with painless distended bladder & renal failure.
a)What is the diagnosis?
b)Pathognomonic symptom?

A

a) Acute on chronic urinary retention
b) Nocturnal incontinence (Bed wetting)

30
Q

• A 70 years old man, known case of BPE, comes to urology OPD with complaints of oligouria. O/E, bladder is distended but painless. He gave H/O inadequate emptying over a long period of time. Creatinine & urea levels are raised.
a)What is the diagnosis?
b)Pathognomonic symptom?
c)other features?

A

a)Acute on chronic urine retention
b)Nocturnal incontinence
(Bed wetting)
c) hydroureter & hydronephrosis

Medicine 🩺 (19 decks)

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