Nephrology Flashcards
How long does it take an AV fistula to mature
6-8 weeks
Phosphate in CKD
Decreases
Nephrotic syndrome and reduced antithrombin III increases the risk of
VTE
Imaging for polycystic kidney
Ultrasound
4 things associated with polycystic kidney
Cerebral aneurysm
Liver and ovarian cysts (HEPATOMEGALY)
Diverticulosis
(liver cysts are most common)
Cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
CKD induced
Risk of secondary hyperparathyroid
Fragility fractures
Thyroxine in nephrotic syndrome
Reduced
Example of nephrotic
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Cause of chronic hypocalcaemia
Chronic kidney disease
What are the genetics of alport syndrome
X linked
4 features of alports syndrome
Microhaematuria
Renal failure
Sensorineral deafness
Eye: retinitis pigmosa and lenticonus (splitting of the lamina densa)
What cancer does a renal transplant increase the risk of
Skin SCC
Which type of renal failure gives an increased serum urine: creatinine ratio
Pre renal
Can anaemia cause a murmur
Yes
Feature and cause of secondary aldosteronism
Increased renin
Renal artery stenosis
What condition is anti GBM found in
Goodpastures
2 associations with goodpastures
Haemoptysis
AKI (protein/blood)
Treatment of DKA
Fixed rate insulin infusion
Antidote for opioid
Naloxone
Antidote for benzo
Flumezenil
3 features of an aspirin overdose
N+V, tinnitus, headache
Treatment of an aspirin overdose
IV sodium bicarb
Metabolic disturbance in vomiting and diarrhoea
Vomiting: alkalosis
Diarrhoea: acidosis
What is polycystic kidney disease associated with
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
To diagnose CKD on eGFR
You need 2 results
3 features of minimal change glomerulonephritis
Oedema
Proteinuria
Reduced albumin
treatment of minimal change glomerulonephritis
Prednisolone
Urine finding in acute tubular necrosis
Muddy brown casts
Side effect of spironolactone
Gynaecomastia
switch to eplerenone
What medication should you stop in AKI
ACEi
What will iron deficiency anaemia fail to respond to
EPO
Urine finding in interstitial nephritis
White cell casts IgE eosinophils (allergic)
what will acute tubular necrosis give a poor response to
a fluid challenge
would you biopsy minimal change?
only if the steroid response is poor
treatment of CKD mineral bone disease
Correct phosphate
reduce phosphate in diet and give phosphate binder
urine change in pre-renal disease
Increased osmolarity of urine
two findings in membranous glomerulopnephritis
Basement membrane has thick epithelial spikes
Positive PLA2
What does myoglobinurina lead to
Tubular cell necrosis
What would you give before CT to redcue the contrast risk
IV NaCL (0.9%)