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Medicine Year 3 > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

3 features of budd chiari

A

Sudden abdominal pain
Ascites
Tender hepatomegaly

Polycythaemia

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2
Q

2 facts about GORD

A

Fundoplication

Manometry

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3
Q

3 features of primary biliary cholangitis

A

IgM
antiMitochondrial antibodies (type M)
Middle aged female

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4
Q

How to calculate alcohol units

A

MIS x % / 1000

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5
Q

Antibodies in chronic hepatitis B

A

Positive anti HBC IgG

Negative anti HBC IgM

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6
Q

Drug if varices bleed

A

Vasopressin analogue e.g. terlipressin

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7
Q

What do you measure in acute liver failure

A

Prothrombin time

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8
Q

Bacteria in c.diff

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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9
Q

Drug if bile acid malabsorption

A

Cholestyramine to lower cholesterol

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10
Q

What does mesalazine increase the risk of

A

Pancreatitis

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11
Q

What vaccination do coeliacs recieve and why

A

Pneumococcal due to hyposplenism

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12
Q

What blood change does alcohol cause

A

Increased ferritin

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13
Q

What drug do you give in severe alcoholic hepatitis

A

Prednisolone

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14
Q

What drug do you give if there are oesophageal varices

A

Propanolol

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15
Q

Features of Wilsons Disease

A

Liver and neuro sx

Reduced caeruloplasmin
Reduced copper

Penicillamine

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16
Q

Most common site for an upper GI bleed

A

Ligament of Treitz

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17
Q

Polyps in UC

A

Pseudopolyps

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18
Q

Feature of the pain in IBS

A

They will not wake at night

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19
Q

Do you get skin tags in crohns

A

No

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20
Q

Most common bowel cancer

A

HNPCC

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21
Q

Side effect of a LT PPI

A

Reduced Mg

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22
Q

Risk of smoking in crohns

A

Relapse

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23
Q

Risk of using high doses of laxatives

A

Melanosis coli

Reduced pigmented polyps

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24
Q

Management of NAFLD

A

Reduce weight

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25
Q

2 features of B12 deficiency and cause

A

Red beefy tongue
Macrocytic anaemia

Intrinsic factor antibody

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26
Q

Treatment of alcoholic acidosis

A

Thiamine and saline

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27
Q

Treatment of mild and severe C.diff

A

Mild: 1st PO Vanomycin 2nd PO fidaxomicin
Severe: Oral vanomycin + IV metronidazole

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28
Q

Omeprazole and c diff has some link

A
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29
Q

How many weeks before an endoscopy should you stop a PPI

A

2 weeks before

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30
Q

UC on imaging

A

Loss of haustra

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31
Q

What does a carcinoid tumour secrete

A

ACTH

Causing flushing, diarrhoea and constipation

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32
Q

Imaging for a perianal fistula

A

MRI

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33
Q

Cancer associated with coeliac

A

Enteropathic associated T cell lymphoma

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34
Q

Painless obstructive jaundice and palpable gallbladder =

A

PANCREATIC CANCER

or duct dilation

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35
Q

Diagnostic for pancreatic cancer

A

High resolution CT

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36
Q

Cells in crohn’s

A

Goblet cells

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37
Q

First line for mild-moderate UC flare

A

Rectal aminosalicyclates

e.g. mesalazine

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38
Q

Severe flare of UC

A

IV steroids in hospital

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39
Q

characteristic iron study profile in haemochromatosis

A

Raised transferrin saturation and ferritin, with low TIBC

40
Q

What cancer is primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

41
Q

Medication before endoscopy

A

Prophylactic ABx

42
Q

Dysplasia on biopsy in Barrett’s oesophagus

A

Endoscopic mucosal therapy

43
Q

2 characteristics of wilsons disease

A

liver and neurological disease

44
Q

Crohns in children

45
Q

Key investigation for aminosalicyclates and fever

A

FBC - agranulocytosis

46
Q

HNPCC - other cancers

A

Endometrial

Pancreatic

47
Q

H.pylori post-eradication test

A

Urea breath test

48
Q

Recurrent C.diff within 12 weeks of Sx

A

Oral fidaxomicin

49
Q

Dietary vitamin which lack of causes easy bleeding

50
Q

Which way round is B12 and folate

A

B12 THEN folate

replace B12 IM

51
Q

Carcinoid syndrome - heart problem

A

Tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis

52
Q

Medication whilst waiting endoscopy for varices

A

terlipressin

53
Q

Gastric adenocardinoma cells

A

Signet ring

54
Q

Waterlow score

A

Pressure sore

55
Q

MUST score

A

Malnutrition

56
Q

Medication to manage severe alcoholic hepatitis

A

Corticosteroids

57
Q

patient with ulcerative colitis has had a severe relapse or >=2 exacerbations in the past year

A

oral azathioprine or oral mercaptopurine to maintain remission

58
Q

What histology of cancer does barretts oesophagus predispose

A

Adenocarcinoma

59
Q

occasional retrosternal chest pain and dysphagia that occurs to both liquids and solids

60
Q

Side effect of isoniazid

A

B6 deficiency –> peripheral neuropathy

61
Q

Which liver tests monitors the function of the organ

A

Prothrombin time

62
Q

Investigation for budd-chiari

A

Ultrasound with doppler

63
Q

Cruypt absesses

64
Q

Haemachromatosis

A

Fatigue, ED, arthralgia

FHx

65
Q

fever and IBD

A

Severe flare

66
Q

Vaccination every 5 years in coeliac

A

Pneumococcal - hypospenism

67
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Pancreatic cancer (doesn’t need palpable abdomen)

68
Q

PPI electrolyte disturbance

A

Hyponatremia

69
Q

Treatment for wilsons

A

Penicillamine

70
Q

What do you test in the stool for c diff

A

Toxin

antigen shows exposure to bacteria not current infection

71
Q

Suspected perforated ulcer initial investigation

72
Q

Which IBD is associated with gallstones

73
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

Pigmented lesions around mouth and feet

Hamartomas

74
Q

Septic shock, RUQ tenderness, no jaundice, no gallstones

A

Acalculous cholecystitis45%

75
Q

Known gallstones, high fever and jaundice, soft abdomen with mild RUQ tenderness

A

Cholangitis

76
Q

Colicky RUQ pain radiating to back and fever with no jaundice and localised peritonism in RUQ

A

Acute cholecystitis

77
Q

Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy

A

Lactulose and rifaximin

78
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

Abnormal fluid balance anda rrhythmias

79
Q

Mesenteric ischaemia

A

Metabolic acidosis, severe abdo pain, high lactate

80
Q

Watery grey and frothy stools

81
Q

TIPS procedure side effect

A

Inadequate metabolism of nitrogenous waste

82
Q

Prophylaxis of variceal bleed

A

Propanolol

83
Q

Gold standard for dysphagia

84
Q

Isolated rise in bilirubin in response to physiological stress

A

Gilbert’s syndrome

no investigations

85
Q

Severe iron deficiency

A

Smooth glossy tongue with pallor and cheilitis and DYSPHAGIA

86
Q

Acute flare of crohns after 5 days of IV hydrocortisone

A

Infliximab

87
Q

First line antibody for coeliac

88
Q

C.diff common causative Abx

A

Cephalosporins e.g. cefacelor, clindamycin

89
Q

Antibodies in previous Hep B infection

A

HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, IgG anti-HBc positive

90
Q

Abdominal pain with blood and leucocytes on dipstick

A

CT abdo for stones

91
Q

Omeprazole before endoscopy

A

Stop 2 weeks before

92
Q

Dyspepsia with no red flags

A

PPI at full dose for 1 month

93
Q

Investigation for perianal fistulae and crohns

94
Q

Medication to avoid in bowel obstruction

A

Metaclopramide

95
Q

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube may be used to stop an uncontrolled variceal haemorrhage

96
Q

Triad of intestinal angina

A

triad of severe, colicky post-prandial abdominal pain, weight loss, and an abdominal bruit

Medicine Year 3 (8 decks)

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