Nephro and Urology Flashcards
If leucocytes and nitrites are negative on a urine dipstick, what does this mean?
UTI is unlikely
If leucocytes and nitrites are positive on a urine dipstick, what does this mean?
UTI is likely
What does it mean when a urine dipstick is high for ketones?
Period of starvation
OR
[DKA]
What does the presence of both high glucose and high ketones mean in a urine dipstick?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
What does the presence of blood and proteins in a urine dipstick indicate?
Some sort of nephritis
What is the clinical marker for Proteinuria?
Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) of >20mg/mmol (in children)
Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) of >50mg/mmol (in adults)
How can you tell someone has Nephrotic Syndrome
PCR (protein creatinine ratio) >200mg/mmol
What is a normal to mildly increased Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (ACR)?
<3 mg/mmol
What is a moderatly increased Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (ACR)?
3-30 mg/mmol
What is a severely increased Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (ACR)?
>30 mg/mmol
What is a DMSA kidney test?
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
A DMSA scan uses a radioactive chemical to create specialised pictures of the kidneys. It can help to show whether the kidneys are damaged or scarred
Used for UTIs and if the doctor wants to see if the kidney is functioning
What is MCUG kidney test?
Micturating Cystourethogram (MCUG)
This is a specialised XR which looks at the childs bladder and kidney micturtion (voiding).
Also used in UTIs and helps to assess for vescio-ureteric reflux.
What is the triad of Nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic proteinuria (>200 mg/mmol)
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema
Name 3 different types of Nephrotic Diseases
Minimal Change
Membranous nephropathy
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
What is Minimal Change Nephropathy?
Most common type of nephrotic syndrome
Not a lot of renal change (minimal change)
