Nephritis

Question 1

What is nephritis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the kidneys

Question 2

What is the inflammation of the glomeruli capillary membrane

Answer 2

Glomerulonephritis

Question 3

What can develop from the response to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the skin (impetigo) or pharynx (step throat)?

Answer 3

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN)

Question 4

What lodges in the glomeruli that weakens/obstructs the capillaries, thickens glomerular mebranes and leads to inflammation/obstruction/ and decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Answer 4

Antibody-antigen complexes

Question 5

What is the typical end stage of another glomeruli disorder like rapid progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), lupus nephritis and diabetic neuropathy)?

Answer 5

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 6

What is 1 of the most severe consequences of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); an inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting the connective tissue of the body (body turning against self)?

Answer 6

Lupus nephritis

Question 7

What is the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated w/ SLE?

Answer 7

Nephritis

Question 8

What is a rae autoimmune disorder that forms antibodies to glomeruli/alveolar basement membranes causing pulmonary hemorrhage?

Answer 8

Goodpastures Syndrome

Question 9

Prematurity, trauma, HTN, diabetes mellitus, infection, overuse of over-the-counter painkillers, and family history of kidney disease are all what?

Answer 9

Risk factors

Question 10

Preventing viral infections through good hygiene, maintain body wt, BP, diabetes, and smoking cessation are all what?

Answer 10

Preventions

Question 11

What can be asymptomatic, but if not has abrupt onset w/ flank or midabd pain, irritability, malaise, fever, microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria (w/ tea color urine)?

Answer 11

Nephritis

Question 12

What can have early mild periorbital edema w/ dependent edema of feet and ankles that can progress to severity and cause pleural effusion, HA, N/V, anorexia, fatigue and HTN?

Answer 12

Nephritis

Question 13

Name this class of nephritis: early stage has cough, SOB, hemoptysis, renal manifestations: hematuria, proteinuria, and edema w/ rapid progression to acute renal failure?

Answer 13

Goodpastures Syndrome

Question 14

What is hemoptysis?

Answer 14

Bloody sputum

Question 15

What can alveolar membrane damage lead to?

Answer 15

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 16

Name this class of nephritis: abrupt onset of hematuria, proteinuria, salt/water retention, evidence of azotemia, urine appears brown or cola colored, fatigue, anorexia, N/V and HA?

Answer 16

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN)

Question 17

What are abnormally high levels of nitrogen waste products in blood?

Answer 17

Azotemia

Question 18

Name this class of nephritis: slow progressive destruction of glomeruli, gradual decline in renal function, kidneys decrease in size symmetrically and surfaces become granular or roughened; eventually entire nephrons are lost?

Answer 18

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Name this class of nephritis: hematuria to massive proteinuria, slow and chronic or fulminant progression w/ sudden onset and rapid development of renal failure?

Answer 19

Lupus nephritis

Question 20

What diagnostic test detects for an infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?

Answer 20

Throat/skin cultures

Question 21

What diagnostic test detects streptococcal exoenzymes (bacterial enzymes that stimulate immune response in APIGN)?

Answer 21

Antistrptolysin O (ASO) titer

Question 22

What diagnostic test is an indicator of an inflammatory response?

Answer 22

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Question 23

What diagnostic test determines kidney size?

Answer 23

KUB-abd xray

Question 24

In acute nephritis how do the kidneys appear?

Answer 24

Enlarged

Question 25

In chronic nephritis how to the kidneys appear?

Answer 25

Small, shrunken

Question 26

What diagnostic test allows visualization of the kidney after IV administration of radioisotope?

Answer 26

Kidney scan

Question 27

What diagnostic test is the most reliable and is a microscopic exam of the kidney tissues to help determine type of nephritis, prognosis and appropriate treatment?

Answer 27

Biopsy

Question 28

What diagnostic is essential for kidney function and measures urea nitrogen use and amount of creatinine in the blood?

Answer 28

BUN and Creatinine

Question 29

What diagnostic test measures this bc impaired kidney function alters their excretion?

Answer 29

Serum electrolytes

Question 30

Relief of symptoms, bed rest (key during acute phase), fluid management, support, and meds are all what?

Answer 30

Treatment

Question 31

What class of nephritis would you use antibiotics for?

Answer 31

APIGN

Question 32

What med is a glucocorticoid that's prescribed in large doses?

Answer 32

Prednisone

Question 33

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), Azothiaprine (Imuran), or Mycophenolate (Cellcept) are all what type of meds?

Answer 33

Immunosuppressives

Question 34

What meds are prescribed to reduce protein loss and decrease proteinuria and slow progression of renal failure?

Answer 34

ACE inhibitors or ARB's

Question 35

What is given to maintain BP?

Answer 35

Antihypertensives

Question 36

What can affect the bladder so drinking and voiding every hour for that day of being on it is essential?

Answer 36

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-Immunosuppressive

Question 37

Nonpharmacological therapies include?

Answer 37

Bed rest, sodium restriction, protein restriction or plasmapheresis

Question 38

Bc protein is restricted what kind of foods should be eaten to still get your protein?

Answer 38

High-value protein; milk, eggs, meat, poultry, soy, fish, cheese

Question 39

What removes plasma/glomeruli damaging antibodies from plasma w/ a cell separator, then RBC's are returned to pt. along w/ albumin or human plasma to replace what was removed?

Answer 39

Plasmapheresis

Question 40

Impaired skin integrity, ineffective coping, risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requires, ineffective airway clearance are all what?

Answer 40

Nursing diagnoses

Question 41

Who is more likely to developing lupus?

Answer 41

African Americans

Question 42

Who is more likely to get nephritis?

Answer 42

Hispanics and Asians

Question 43

Who is more likely to progress to end stage renal disease after nephritis?

Answer 43

African Americans/ Hispanics

Question 44

Who has good outcomes from cytotoxic therapy?

Answer 44

Asians

Question 45

What fluid is usually lost first in nephritis and renal status should be checked first before replacing other fluids?

Answer 45

Insensible fluids

Question 46

In nephritis BUN & creatinine levels are?

Answer 46

Elevated

Question 47

In nephritis electrolyte levels are?

Answer 47

Decreased

Question 48

In nephritis ESR is?

Answer 48

Elevated 50-60

Question 49

In nephritis urine creatinine levels are?

Answer 49

Decreased

Question 50

What med is used to control inflammation?

Answer 50

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)

Question 51

What med is used to control inflammation but is contraindicated in APIGN?

Answer 51

Prednisone

Question 52

-prils are?

Answer 52

ACE inhibitors

Question 53

Hydralazine (apresoline) is what type of med?

Answer 53

Antihypertensive

Question 54

Plasmapheresis can do what?

Answer 54

Alter coagulation

Question 55

A lot of protein in the urine is?

Answer 55

Nephrotic syndrome