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NUR 201-Exam 3 > Nephritis > Flashcards

Nephritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is nephritis?

A

Inflammation of the kidneys

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2
Q

What is the inflammation of the glomeruli capillary membrane

A

Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

What can develop from the response to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the skin (impetigo) or pharynx (step throat)?

A

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN)

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4
Q

What lodges in the glomeruli that weakens/obstructs the capillaries, thickens glomerular mebranes and leads to inflammation/obstruction/ and decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

Antibody-antigen complexes

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5
Q

What is the typical end stage of another glomeruli disorder like rapid progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), lupus nephritis and diabetic neuropathy)?

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

What is 1 of the most severe consequences of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); an inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting the connective tissue of the body (body turning against self)?

A

Lupus nephritis

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7
Q

What is the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated w/ SLE?

A

Nephritis

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8
Q

What is a rae autoimmune disorder that forms antibodies to glomeruli/alveolar basement membranes causing pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

Goodpastures Syndrome

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9
Q

Prematurity, trauma, HTN, diabetes mellitus, infection, overuse of over-the-counter painkillers, and family history of kidney disease are all what?

A

Risk factors

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10
Q

Preventing viral infections through good hygiene, maintain body wt, BP, diabetes, and smoking cessation are all what?

A

Preventions

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11
Q

What can be asymptomatic, but if not has abrupt onset w/ flank or midabd pain, irritability, malaise, fever, microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria (w/ tea color urine)?

A

Nephritis

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12
Q

What can have early mild periorbital edema w/ dependent edema of feet and ankles that can progress to severity and cause pleural effusion, HA, N/V, anorexia, fatigue and HTN?

A

Nephritis

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13
Q

Name this class of nephritis: early stage has cough, SOB, hemoptysis, renal manifestations: hematuria, proteinuria, and edema w/ rapid progression to acute renal failure?

A

Goodpastures Syndrome

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14
Q

What is hemoptysis?

A

Bloody sputum

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15
Q

What can alveolar membrane damage lead to?

A

Pulmonary hemorrhage

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16
Q

Name this class of nephritis: abrupt onset of hematuria, proteinuria, salt/water retention, evidence of azotemia, urine appears brown or cola colored, fatigue, anorexia, N/V and HA?

A

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN)

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17
Q

What are abnormally high levels of nitrogen waste products in blood?

A

Azotemia

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18
Q

Name this class of nephritis: slow progressive destruction of glomeruli, gradual decline in renal function, kidneys decrease in size symmetrically and surfaces become granular or roughened; eventually entire nephrons are lost?

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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19
Q

Name this class of nephritis: hematuria to massive proteinuria, slow and chronic or fulminant progression w/ sudden onset and rapid development of renal failure?

A

Lupus nephritis

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20
Q

What diagnostic test detects for an infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci?

A

Throat/skin cultures

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21
Q

What diagnostic test detects streptococcal exoenzymes (bacterial enzymes that stimulate immune response in APIGN)?

A

Antistrptolysin O (ASO) titer

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22
Q

What diagnostic test is an indicator of an inflammatory response?

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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23
Q

What diagnostic test determines kidney size?

A

KUB-abd xray

24
Q

In acute nephritis how do the kidneys appear?

A

Enlarged

25
Q

In chronic nephritis how to the kidneys appear?

A

Small, shrunken

26
Q

What diagnostic test allows visualization of the kidney after IV administration of radioisotope?

A

Kidney scan

27
Q

What diagnostic test is the most reliable and is a microscopic exam of the kidney tissues to help determine type of nephritis, prognosis and appropriate treatment?

A

Biopsy

28
Q

What diagnostic is essential for kidney function and measures urea nitrogen use and amount of creatinine in the blood?

A

BUN and Creatinine

29
Q

What diagnostic test measures this bc impaired kidney function alters their excretion?

A

Serum electrolytes

30
Q

Relief of symptoms, bed rest (key during acute phase), fluid management, support, and meds are all what?

A

Treatment

31
Q

What class of nephritis would you use antibiotics for?

A

APIGN

32
Q

What med is a glucocorticoid that’s prescribed in large doses?

A

Prednisone

33
Q

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), Azothiaprine (Imuran), or Mycophenolate (Cellcept) are all what type of meds?

A

Immunosuppressives

34
Q

What meds are prescribed to reduce protein loss and decrease proteinuria and slow progression of renal failure?

A

ACE inhibitors or ARB’s

35
Q

What is given to maintain BP?

A

Antihypertensives

36
Q

What can affect the bladder so drinking and voiding every hour for that day of being on it is essential?

A

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-Immunosuppressive

37
Q

Nonpharmacological therapies include?

A

Bed rest, sodium restriction, protein restriction or plasmapheresis

38
Q

Bc protein is restricted what kind of foods should be eaten to still get your protein?

A

High-value protein; milk, eggs, meat, poultry, soy, fish, cheese

39
Q

What removes plasma/glomeruli damaging antibodies from plasma w/ a cell separator, then RBC’s are returned to pt. along w/ albumin or human plasma to replace what was removed?

A

Plasmapheresis

40
Q

Impaired skin integrity, ineffective coping, risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body requires, ineffective airway clearance are all what?

A

Nursing diagnoses

41
Q

Who is more likely to developing lupus?

A

African Americans

42
Q

Who is more likely to get nephritis?

A

Hispanics and Asians

43
Q

Who is more likely to progress to end stage renal disease after nephritis?

A

African Americans/ Hispanics

44
Q

Who has good outcomes from cytotoxic therapy?

A

Asians

45
Q

What fluid is usually lost first in nephritis and renal status should be checked first before replacing other fluids?

A

Insensible fluids

46
Q

In nephritis BUN & creatinine levels are?

A

Elevated

47
Q

In nephritis electrolyte levels are?

A

Decreased

48
Q

In nephritis ESR is?

A

Elevated 50-60

49
Q

In nephritis urine creatinine levels are?

A

Decreased

50
Q

What med is used to control inflammation?

A

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)

51
Q

What med is used to control inflammation but is contraindicated in APIGN?

A

Prednisone

52
Q

-prils are?

A

ACE inhibitors

53
Q

Hydralazine (apresoline) is what type of med?

A

Antihypertensive

54
Q

Plasmapheresis can do what?

A

Alter coagulation

55
Q

A lot of protein in the urine is?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

NUR 201-Exam 3 (8 decks)

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