nephritic vs nephrotic Flashcards
what is nephritic syndrome in terms of proteinuria?
Moderate proteinuria = 1-3.5g/day
what is nephrotic syndrome in terms of proteinuria?
Severe proteinuria = >3.5g/day
what is isolated haematuria?
Macroscopic = seen by naked eye Microscopic = seen in dipstick or microscopy (>5RBCs/microlitre) Glomeruli = dysmorphic RBC or RBC casts Kidney stone = not as above Persistent = repeated after 1-4 weeks Transient = abdo trauma or cancer
what is isolated proteinuria?
Usually transient (1-2g/day) Urine dipstick repeated after 1-2 days - if below 30 yrs and in upright position = orthostatic proteinuria
what are the symptoms, tests and treatments of nephritic syndrome?
Peripheral or periorbital oedema
Hypertension
Oliguria (80-400ml/day urine)
Urinalysis = glomerular haematuria (dysmorphic RBC or RBC casts) and proteinuria
25hr protein test = 1-3g/day protein loss
Treatment:
ACE inhibitors/ARBs - blood pressure control and decrease proteinuria
what are examples of nephritic syndrome?
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, goodpasture’s syndrome
what are the symptoms, investigations and treatment of nephrotic syndrome?
Peripheral and periorbital oedema
Ascites
Pleural effusions
Hypertension
24 hour protein collection = 3.5g/day protein loss
Protein to creatinine ratio = >3
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidaemia
High LDLs
High triglycerides
Urinalysis = lipiduria
Primary or secondary (to DM, HIV, HEP, lupus, APS)
Complications - protein malnutrition, hypovolemia, thromboembolism, infections (IgG lost through urine)
Treatment:
Decreasing proteinuria = ACEi or ARBs
Dietary sodium restriction and loop diuretics = treating peripheral oedema
Thrombosis or APS = IV heparin and warfarin
what are examples of nephrotic syndrome?
SLE, APS, minimal change, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, MPGN
