NEP Flashcards
When was Gosplan formally established to advise on NEP?
February 1921
When was the NEP announced?
At the 10th Party Congress, March 1921
Why did Lenin not permit a vote on the NEP?
Though he could depend on the support of Bukharin, Zinoviev and most of the leadership, he knew rank and file members would see it as a betrayal
How was agriculture affected by the NEP?
Requisitioning was ended and replaced with a tax-in-kind (which was in turn replaced with a money tax in 1923)
Private trading was allowed, giving the peasants incentive to produce grain
The regime promised not to forcibly collectivise land (but still encouraged cooperatives)
1913 production levels were reached in 1926
How was industry affected by the NEP?
The ‘commanding heights’ of the economy remained in state hands
Small-scale industry would be privatised
Small-scale industry usually operated through cooperatives and trusts
Industrial production recovered, though state-owned industries grew more slowly
When was blanket nationalisation removed?
May 1921
How was inflation tackled?
A new currency, the chervonets was introduced in July 1922, backed by gold
When did the ‘scissor crisis’ emerge?
1923
What was the ‘scissor crisis’?
Food prices overtook industrial prices
This threatened potential grain hoarding
How did the government solve the ‘scissor crisis’?
Industrial prices were capped and peasant quotas were replaced with a money tax
How did NEP create new classes?
The Kulak class re-emerged Private traders proliferated
How many private traders were in Moscow by 1925?
25,000
For how much trade were nepmen responsible?
75%
Why were nepmen hated by the Party?
They flaunted their wealth openly
They were seen as representatives of capitalism
What did some Party members refer to NEP as?
The ‘New Exploitation of the Proletariat’
