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HEMATOLOGY HEMATOPOIESIS > Neoplastic disorders part 1 > Flashcards

Neoplastic disorders part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Overproduction of various types of immature or mature leukocytes in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood, in most types of leukemias

A

Leukemias

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2
Q

Solid malignant tumors of the lymph nodes

A

Lymphomas

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3
Q

Overproduction of plasma cells in the bones marrow with concurrent production of abnormal proteins

A

Myelomas

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4
Q

Cells involves in Leukemias:

A
  • myelogenous or lymphocytic cell types
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5
Q

Cells involves in Lymphomas:

A
  • Lymphocyte (Reed-Sternberg cells) which are diagnostic of Hodgkin-type lymphoma
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6
Q

Cells involves in Myeloma:

A

Plasma cells

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7
Q

Site of malignant cells for Leukemia:

A

Malignant cells freely pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

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8
Q

Site of malignant cells for Lymphomas:

A
  • Reticuloendothelial organs that houses mononuclear phagocytes (lymph nodes, spleen, liver and bone marrow)
  • may spill over into the circulating blood and present a leukemic appearing picture on peripheral blood smear
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9
Q

Site of malignant cells for Myelomas:

A

Bone marrow (plasma cells form mass or tumors)

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10
Q

*Umbrella term which refers to neoplastic disorders involving your WBC; in the blood and bone marrow

A

Leukemia

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11
Q

two (2) natures of leukemia

A

either myelogenous or lymphocytic in nature

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12
Q

M:E Ratio for leukemia

A

M:E ratio is 10:1

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13
Q

general term for malignancy that starts in the lymph system, mainly the lymph nodes

A

Lymphomas

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14
Q

Two types of lymphomas

A

Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin

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15
Q

form of cancer of the plasma cells

A

Myelomas

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16
Q

Differences between Acute and Chronic Leukemia
Age:
Onset:
Median survival time, untreated:
WBC

A

Acute Leukemia:
- All ages, with peaks in 1st decade & after 50 yr
- Sudden
- Weeks to months
- ↑, N, or ↓

Chronic Leukemia:
- Adults
- Insidious
- Months to year
- ↑ (may be > 50,000

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17
Q

Differences between Acute and Chronic Leukemia
Differential:
Anemia :
Platelets :
Others aged lymphoid:
Methods used to diagnose:

A

Acute Leukemia:
- Blasts usually present
- Mild to severe
- Mild to severe ↓
- Usually lymphoid in children, myeloid in adults
- Peripheral blood smear, bone marrow Same but less use of cytochemical stains examination, cytochemical stains, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular genetics

Chronic Leukemia:
- More mature cells
- Mild
- Usually N
- Myeloid mostly in young to middle-in older adults. Most go into blast crisis
- Same but less use of cytochemical stains

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18
Q

Classify leukemias (acute):
Acute Myeloproliferative Leukemia (AML)

A
  • M0
  • M1
  • M2
  • M3, M3m
  • M4
  • M5, M5a
  • M6
  • M7
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19
Q

Classify leukemias (acute):
Acute Lymphoproliferative Leukemia (ALL)

A
  • L1
  • L2
  • L3 (Burkitt type)
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21
Q

Classify leukemias (Chronic)
Chronic Myeloproliferative leukemia (CML)

A
  • CML
    _ PV
  • ET
  • Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
  • Myeloid Metaplasia
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21
Q

Classify leukemias (Chronic)
Chronic Lymphoproliferative leukemia (CLL)

A
  • CLL
  • Prolymphocyte leukemia
  • Hairy cell leukemia
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22
Q

Classifications of refractory anemia under Dysmyelopoietic or Myelodysplastic disorders:

A
  • Refractory anemia / refractory cytopenia
  • Refractory anemia w/ ringed sideroblasts
  • Refractory anemia with excess blasts
  • Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformatino
  • Chronic Myelomonocytic leukemia
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23
Q

Classifications of Lymphomas:

A
  • Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
  • Mycosis fungoides
  • Sezary syndrome
24
Q

Classifications of Plasma cell dyscrasia:

A
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Waldenstrom’s macroglubinemia
  • Plasma cell leukemia
  • Heavy chain diseases
  • Amyloidosis
25
Q

What is the criteria of FAB diagnosing AML?

A

> 30% blasts

26
Q

What is the criteria of WHO diagnosing AML?

A

> 20% blast

27
Q

FAB (1976) classifications
M0
M1
M2
M3, M3m
M4

A
  • undifferentiated AML
  • AML without maturation
  • AML with maturation (AMLS with t(8;21)
  • Acute Promyelocytic leukemia
    -Microgranular, promyelocytic leukemia
  • Acute Myelomonocytic leukemia
28
Q

FAB (1976) classifications
M4Eo
M5, M5a, M5b,
M6
M7

A
  • Acute Myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia
  • Acute Monocytic leukemia
  • Acute monocytic leukemia with poor differentiation
  • Acute Monocytic leukemia with differentiation
  • Acute Erythroleukemia (DI Gulielmo’s)
  • Megakaryoblastic leukemia
29
Q

*most common type of leukemia in children younger than 18 months of age

*typically occurs in middle-aged adults with a median age of 46 years.

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

30
Q

*Localized tumor masses consisting of myeloblasts
*May arise in bone or soft tissues
*Presence of large quantities of the enzyme MPO
*Produces a green appearance if the tissue is cut

A

Chloroma

31
Q

*Eosinophilic rod–like cytoplasmic inclusions derived from myeloperoxidase-positive primary granules

A

Auer rods

32
Q

This means “bunch of sticks”

A

Faggot cells (Auer rods)

33
Q

Auer rods can be found in what FAB classifications?

A
  • M2
  • M3
  • M4
34
Q

*most aggressive of acute leukemia
*severe bleeding tendency and a fatal course, if untreated, of only weeks
*Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is most often associated

A

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (FAB M3)

35
Q

what is the equivalent classification of FAB M3 in WHO classification?

A
  • AML with t(15;17)
36
Q

Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (FAB M4) is referred to as?

A

Naeglitype monocyticle leukemia

37
Q

what is the equivalent classification of FAB M4 in WHO classification?

A

AML with inv(16)

38
Q

*pathological finding of slightly dilated, thin- walled vessels filled with leukemic cells.
*plug of leukocytes within the microvasculature

A

Leukostasis

39
Q

Common organs involved in leukostasis?

A

Brain and lungs

40
Q

what is the equivalent classification of FAB M6 in WHO classification?

A

Acute erythroid leukemia

41
Q

other term for Erythemicmyelosis?

A

Di Gulielmo’s syndrome

42
Q

*proliferation of both immature granulocytic and erythrocytic cell types

A

Erythroleukemia (FAB M6)

43
Q

most common cancer in children (L1)

A

Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia

44
Q

Enzyme associated with ALL?

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)

45
Q

FAB classifications of ALL
L1:
L2:
L3:

A
  • Small homogeneous blasts; mostly in children
  • Large heterogeneous blasts; mostly in adults
  • : “Burkitt type ” large basophilic B-cell blasts with vacuoles, t(8;14) alteration is common.

Frequently a “starry-sky” pattern of admixed histiocytes

46
Q

Mature B-Cell Neoplasm Classification

A
  • CLL/SLL
  • B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
  • Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
  • Plasma cell neoplasm
47
Q

*most common form of leukemia in adults
*usually a B-cell disorder
*Commonly exhibit up to 80% or 90% small lymphocytes

A

CLL

48
Q

*mature B-cell malignancy
*Pancytopenia
*strong acid phosphatase reaction that is not inhibited by tartaric acid or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain

A

Hairy Cell leukemia

49
Q

*occurring primarily in the BM
*Produce multiple tumors, which appear on a radiograph as multiple punched-out osteoporotic lesions
*marked degree of rouleaux formation

A

Multiple Myeloma

50
Q

Associated conditions of Multiple Myeloma

A
  • Monoclonal gammopathy,
  • Hyper viscosity of the blood,
  • Bence–Jones protein in the urine
51
Q

B-cell neoplasm characterized by lymphoplasmo proliferative disorder with infiltration of the bone marrow and a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein.

A

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

52
Q

Which malignancy of WM is associated with which manufactures IgM

A

lymphoplasmacytoid cells

53
Q

Hodgkin type lymphoma is differentiated by presence of what cell?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

54
Q

mononuclear (Hodgkin) cell with each nucleus bearing a very large inclusion-like nucleolus

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

55
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells are large multinucleated cell resembling which characteristic?

A

Owl’s eye

56
Q

leukemic phase of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides

A

Sezary syndrome

57
Q

Rare atypical mononuclear cells with cerebriform nuclei

A

Sezary cells

HEMATOLOGY HEMATOPOIESIS (7 decks)

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