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HEMATOLOGY HEMATOPOIESIS > Automation > Flashcards

Automation Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as “Coulter principle”

A

Electrical impedance principle

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2
Q

Changes in _____________ produced by a particle as it passes through a small aperture

A

electrical impedance (resistance)

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3
Q

Display the pulses that are generated by the cells as they interrupt the current

A

Oscilloscope

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4
Q

Principle of Oscilloscope

A

of pulses generated = # cells

height of the voltage pulse is directly proportional to the volume of the cell, (which allows discrimination and counting of cells of specific volumes through the use of threshold circuits.)

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5
Q

depicts the volume distribution of the cells counted

A

Volume distribution Histogram

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6
Q

_________ of the electrical pulse produced indicates the cell’s volume

A

Amplitude (magnitude)

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7
Q

separate the cell populations on the histogram, and the count is the cells enumerated between the lower and upper set thresholds for each population

A

Volume threshold

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8
Q

What are the volume thresholds for
RBC
WBC
PLatelets

A
  • 24-36 fL
  • 30-35 fL
  • 2-20 fL
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9
Q

sample stream is surrounded by a sheath fluid as it passes through the central axis of the aperture

A

Hydrodynamic Focusing

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10
Q

__________ allows the central sample stream to narrow sufficiently to separate and align the cells into single file for passage through the sensing zone

A

Laminar flow

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11
Q

Which CBC parameter is not being directly measured?

A

Hematocrit determination

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12
Q

Two methods of acquiring hematocrit determination

A
  • HCT = (RBC x MCV)/10
  • Cumulative RBC pulse height detection
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13
Q

Determined using a high-frequency electromagnetic probe that provides information on the cells’ internal constituents

A

Radiofrequency conductivity

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14
Q

Resistance to a high voltage electromagnetic current flowing between both electrodes simultaneously

A

RF resistance

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15
Q

cell interior density is proportional to ______________

A

pulse height or change in the RF signal

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16
Q

simultaneous measurement of multiple physical characteristics of a single cell as the cell flows in suspension through a measuring device

A

Flow Cytometry

17
Q

number of pulses generated is directly proportional to the ________________

A

number of cells passing through the sensing zone in a specific period

17
Q

_________ of the electrical pulse produced indicates the cell’s volume

A

Amplitude (magnitude)

18
Q

Key advantages of flow cytometry in comparison to impedance

A
  • can be coupled with immunofluorescence
  • provides more specific and accurate results
19
Q

Angles of light scatter
0° forward angle
10° light scatter
90° light scatter
Depolarized 90°

A
  • Cell size
  • Cell structure & complexity
  • Lobularity (granulocyte)
  • Resolves Eosinophils because of their crystalline granularity
19
Q

is a numerical or graphical boundary that can be used to define the characteristics of particles to include for further analysis

A

Gate

20
Q

is a process in selecting an area on a scattergram generated during the flow experiment

A

Gating

20
Q

Explain the results of quadrants

Q1:
O2:
O3:
O4:

A
  • (+)
  • (++)
  • (– –)
  • (+)
21
Q

General Characteristics of Histogram

A
  • Symmetrical bell-shaped or Gaussian distribution
  • Flattened curve –> Increase SD
  • Depict the presence of subpopulations
22
Q

Conditions that causes decreased MPV

A
  • Aplastic anemia
  • megaloblastic anemia
  • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
  • After chemotheraphy
23
Q

Conditions that caused increased MPV

A

-idopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- after splenectomy
- sickle cell anemia

24
Q

an increased in mean platelet volume denotes?

A

presence of giant platelets

25
Q

*Produce by the machines as indicators if there is something wrong with measurements or analysis
*Abnormal Curve in front of lower discriminator

A

AG Flag

26
Q

Deviation on upper discriminator curve in Leukocyte histogram

A

WU Flag

27
Q

Causes for WU Flag

A

Extreme leukocytosis
Rare: WBC aggregation

28
Q

refer to the level at which the machine can measure the particular analyte

A

Linearity

29
Q

Abnormal height at upper discriminator in Platelet Histogram

A

UD Flag

30
Q

Possible causes for UD flag?

A
  • Platelet clump (clotted sample, EDTA compatability)
  • Giant platelets
    Micro RBCs
31
Q

Inclusions for Electrical impedence report

A
  • CBC results
  • Scattergram
  • Histogram
  • Flagging
32
Q

Instrumental errors
Negative:
Positive:

A
  • Excessive lysing of RBC

+ aperture plugs, Extraneous electrical pulses, Bubbles

HEMATOLOGY HEMATOPOIESIS (7 decks)

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