Neoplastic Flashcards
What % of cardiac tumors are benign?
75%
What are examples of benign cardiac neoplasms?
Myxoma (45%), lipoma (20%), papillary fibroelastoma (15%), angioma (5%), hemangioma (5%), fibroma (3%), rhabdomyoma (1%), teratoma (<1%)
What is the most common benign cardiac tumor?
Myxoma (45%)
Describe a cardiac myxoma
Slow-growing, peduculated mass consisting of a mucopolysaccride myxoid matrix; it is non-homogenous on TEE
Where are cardiac myxomas mostly found?
75% are found in the LA
Who is more at risk for cardiac myxomas?
Women between the ages of 30-60yo
What are symptoms of a cardiac myxoma?
Embolization, intracardiac obstruction, and constitutional symptoms (i.e. palpitations, syncope, CHF)
Where are papillary fibroelastomas most likely to be found?
Ventricular side of the aortic valve (45%); less commonly they are found on the atrial side of the mitral valve (36%)
What is the primary symptom associated with a papillary fibroelastoma?
S/s of embolization
How can you tell the difference between a papillary fibroelastoma vs Lambl’s Excrescence?
PF looks like organization of thrombi while LE looks like endothelial damage; PF is very rare while LE is found in 70% of patients; LE are often seen in multiples while PF are not
What is a cardiac lipoma?
Encapsulated tumors made of mature fat cells that are often asymptomatic and can occur anywhere in the heart
What is the most common malignant cardiac tumor?
Sarcomas (angiosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcomas)
Where are cardiac sarcomas mostly found?
In the RA
Where do secondary cardiac tumors arise from?
Direct extension from tumors of the breast, lung, esophagus, and mediastinum + via venous spread from renal, adrenal, thyroid. lung, and liver primary tumors + lymphatic spread from lymphoma or leukemias
What are cardiac carcinoid tumors?
Metastasizing neuroendocrine tumors typically from the small bowel (never primary cardiac tumors)
