Neoplasms

Question 1

What are some characteristics of a benign tumor?

Answer 1

Small, Slow growing, non-invasive, Well differentiated, local growth.

Question 2

What is differentiation? Anaplasia?

Answer 2

Differ=degree at which cell resembles cell of origin.

Ana= complete Lack of differentiation

Question 3

What is dysplasia?

Answer 3

Disorderly growth.

Question 4

What does the rate of tumor growth depend on?

Answer 4

Blood supply, Hormonal factors, growth fraction.

Question 5

What are the 3 ways to metastasize? Example cancers?

Answer 5

1. Seeding=Ovarian cancer
2. Lymphatic=Carcinomas
3. Hemotogenous= Sarcomas.

Question 6

What is the Warburg effect?

Answer 6

Insulin resistance/T2 diabetes is the perfect storm for cancer. As cancer cells are not insulin resistance, and use glucose like crazy.

Question 7

What are the 3 genes that are important in cancer development, and what are their effects on the life cycle.

Answer 7

p53 and Rb inhibit cell cycle, ras inhibits them.

Question 8

What are the 6 things oncogenes cause?

Answer 8

1. Autonomous growth
2. Insensitivity to growth inhibitory factors
3. Evasion of apoptosis
4. Limitless replication
5. Sustained angiogenesis
6. Invasion and metastasis

Question 9

What is the grading and staging system for cancer?

Answer 9

1. Grading=What it looks like

2. Staging= about how its spreading.