Neoplasms Flashcards
1
Q
Astrocytoma
A
- glioma
- pilocytic astrocytoma= WHO grade 1
- diffuse astrocytoma= WHO grade 2
- anaplastic astrocytoma= WHO grade 3
2
Q
Oligodenroglioma
A
- glioma
- oligodendroglioma= WHO grade 2
- age 42
- cerebral white matter
- fried egg appearance
- presents with seizures
3
Q
Ependymoma
A
- glioma
- most present during first two decades of life
- spinal cord ependydmomas usually tumors of adults
- true rosettes on histology
- WHO grade 2
- obstructive hydrocephalus
4
Q
Medulloblastoma
A
- glioma
- grade 4
- most common malignant brain tumor in children (3-8yo)
- 50% survival rate
- chromosome 17 deletions/mutations
- Homer Wright rosettes
- obstructive hydrocephalus
5
Q
Meningioma
A
- meningeal tumor
- WHO grade 1
- women in their 50s
- may penetrate dura, occlude venous sinuses, invade bone and cause hyperostosis
- push and distort underlying brain or cord
- NF2 gene mutation, 22q loss
6
Q
Shwannoma
A
- slow growing
- found on cranial nerve 8
- also found on spinal nerve roots
7
Q
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
A
- most common CNS neoplasm of childhood
- usual sites: cerebellum, optic pathway, hypothalamus, thalamus, spinal cord, temporal lobe
- histopathology: elongated hairlike fibers, rosenthal fibers
- genetics: BRAF:KIAA
8
Q
Diffuse Astrocytoma
A
- age 30-40
- WHO grade 2
- cerebral hemispheres, rarely post. fossa
- ill-defined borders, not surgically resectable
- genetics: IDHI mutation, 1p/19q, p53/ATRX
9
Q
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
A
- mean age 45 yrs
- WHO grade 3
- cerebral hemispheres in adults
10
Q
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
A
- anaplastic oligodendroglioma= WHO grade 3
- mean onset 48
- elevated MIB-1 rate
- genetics: 1p19q codeletion
11
Q
Glioblastoma (GBM)
A
- 15% of all intracranial neoplasms
- age 62 for primary GBM (progresses more quickly though)
- age 45 for secondary GBM
- WHO grade 4
- cerebral hemispheres
- follows white matter highways
- primary genetics: EGFR8
- secondary genetics: anaplastic astrocytoma with 10q loss
12
Q
IDH1/2 Mutations
-prognosis
A
- powerful prognostic factor
- not present in non-neoplastic situations
- IDH1 negative anaplastic astrocytomas do worse than IDH1 mutations
13
Q
Papilledema
A
- engorged retinal veins
- due to inc ICP
- LP could lead to herniation
14
Q
Neoplasms of Childhood ______ metastasize to the brain.
A
-rarely
