Inflammatory/Infectious Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
B12 Deficiency
A
- Cobalamin
- main dietary sources of B12 are meat and dairy
- if absorption is ceased, body stores depleted in 3-4 yrs
- common in vegans
- spinal cord disease of asc. sensory and desc. motor tracts
- ataxia, numbness, tingling
- anemia
- subacute combined degeneration (affects asc. and dec. tracts in spinal cord)
2
Q
MS Demographic
A
- mostly young women
- mostly caucasians
- most common inflammatory CNS disease
- risk of relapse dec. over time
- inc. risk in first degree relatives
3
Q
MS Genetics
A
-HLADR2, IL7, IL2
4
Q
MS Causes
A
-causes: cigarettes, vitamin D deficiency, obesity
5
Q
MS Diagnosis
A
- glucose normal on CSF analysis
- progressive brain atrophy present
- grey matter lesions in CNS
6
Q
MS Therapy
A
- behavioral changes
- tx comorbidities
- tx acute attacks: methylprednisone, plasma exchange, interferon
- disease modifying therapies
- use more effective meds earlier/first
7
Q
Chronic OH Intoxication
A
- earliest effects appear on white matter
- stopping drinking is effective
- brain damage related to OH damage via liver cirrhosis
- meninfial fibrosis
- atrophy of cerebellar vermis
8
Q
Wilson Disease
A
- inherited disorder of copper metabolism that causes liver cirrhosis, leading to inc. amonia
- manifests with either jaundice (12 yo) and/or movement disorder
9
Q
Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM)
A
- symmetric demyelination associated with electrolyte abnormalities
- related to liver damage (in the past)
- occurs when hyponatremic pts have serum Na rapidly corrected
10
Q
Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Wernicke’s Encephalopathy) (Korsakoff Syndrome)
A
- thiamine deficiency or sudden glucose intake
- syndrome of oculomotor abnormalities
- common in alcoholics and people who vomit often
- Wernickes: ocular motility problems, nystagmus, ataxia, confusion
- shows selective vulnerability
- korsakoff: confabulation, psych features, dorsomedial nucleus
- imaging: mamillary body atrophy
- medical emergency
11
Q
Vitamin E Deficiency
A
- vitamin E protects cells from free radical damage
- seen in CF, celiac, and other GI disease
- sensory periphery neuropathy, ataxia, retinopathy, myopathy, cardiomyopathy
- loss of dorsal root nerve cell bodies and degeneration of their axons
- axonal spheroids in lower medulla
12
Q
Bacterial Meningitis Pathogenesis
A
- infection of subarachnoid space
- inflammation of SAS -> inc. BBB permeability ->infarct from vasculitis -> interferes CSF circulation -> bacteria induce pro-inflammatory cytokines
13
Q
Bacterial Meningitis Clinical Features
A
- stiff neck (nuchal rigidity)
- fever
- depressed LOC
14
Q
Kernig’s Sign
A
- supine pt, flex thigh to abdomen
- passive extension of leg, pt resists due to pain
15
Q
Brudzinski’s Sign
A
- passive flexion of neck causes flexion of hips and knees
