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Clinical: Woman's Health > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

what are risk factors for breast cancer

A

menarche before 12
advanced maternal age of first full-term pregnancy, no pregnancies
menopasuse after age 52

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2
Q

what is the most common type of breast cancer

A

infiltrating intraductal cacinoma (IIC)

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3
Q

what are treatment options for breast cancer

A

segmental mastectomy (lumpectomy)
adjunctive chemotherapy
anti-estrogen Tamoxifen in tumors ER-positive
Aromatase inhibors - useful in postmenopausal ER-positive
Monoclonal AB treatment - useful on HER2 positivity

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4
Q

what clinical triad is strongly indicative of cervical cancer extension to the pelvic wall?

A

Unilateral leg edema
sciatic pain
ureteral obstruction

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5
Q

what are risk factors for carcinoma of the cervix

A

Multiple sexual partners
early age at first intercourse
early first pregnancy
HPV positive

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6
Q

how is cervical cancer diagnosed

A

friable, bleeding cercial lesion on exam
biopsy of gross lesion of colposopically directed biopsies

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7
Q

what is the most common type of cervical cancer

A

invasive squamous cell arising from exctocervix

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8
Q

what is the treatment of cervical cancer

A

resect and/or chemotherapy and radiation

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9
Q

at what age should your patient recieve their first PAP regardless of sexual activity?

A

age 21

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10
Q

what are pap smear screening recommendations

A
  • women age 21 to 29 - only cytology screening every 3 years
  • woman over 30 years or older - combo cytology + HPV teesting is recommended every 5 years
  • annual screening recommended for any high risk groups
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11
Q

what are recommendations for discontinuation of PAP smear screening

A
  • no cytology after total hysterectomy if surgery for benign condition
  • discontinue screening at age 65 for women who have had adequate recent screening
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12
Q

what does ASC-US mean

A

Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significant

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13
Q

what does LSIL mean

A

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, that is, mild dysplasia, CIN I

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14
Q

what does HSIL mean

A

high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, that is, moderate to severe dysplasia, CIN II-III, carcinoma in situ

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15
Q

what types of HPV are risk factors for cervical dysplasia and can lead to cervical cancer

A

HPV 16, 18 and 31

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16
Q

what are HPV vaccine recommendatiosn for females

A

recommended at 11 to 12 years old
can be administered starting at 9 years old

17
Q

what is the HPV vaccine dosage recommendations?

A

< 15 years old: administer a two - rather than 3 dose vaccine series
> 15 years old: HPV vaccine in 3 doses at 0, 1 to 2 months and then at 6 months

18
Q

what is the cardial symptom of endometrial cancer

A

postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

19
Q

what is the most common type of endometrial cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

20
Q

what are risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

obesity
nulliparity
early menarache
late menopause
unopposed estrogen stimulation
HTN
Gallbladder disease
DM
Prior ovarian, endometrial or breast cancer

21
Q

how is endometrial cancer diagnosed

A

endometrial biopsy - gold standard

22
Q

what is the treatment of endometrial cancer

A

total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
pelvic radiation therapy with or without chemo for stage 2 and 3 cancer

23
Q

what presentation of ovarian cancer

A

40-60yo
ascites
abdominal pain

24
Q

what are protective factors for ovarian cancer

A

multiparity
OCP use and breast feeding

25
Q

what are risk factors for ovarian cancer

A

nulligravidity (or infertility)
early menarche
late menopause
endometriosis

26
Q

what is the typical etiology of ovarian cancers

A

epithelial tumors
germ cells are more common in pts < 10 yo

27
Q

how is ovarian cancer diagnosed

A

TVUS then biopsy
serum tumor marker CA-125 - BRCA1 gene

28
Q

what are known risk factors for vulvar/vaginal carcinoma?

A

HPV infection
smoking
coexisting cervical carcinoma
in utero exposure to DES

29
Q

what is the most common location of vaginal carcinoma

A

Upper one-third of posterior vaginal wall

30
Q

what is the treatment of vaginal cancer

A

radiation therapy

31
Q

what is the most common presentation of vulvar cancer

A

vaginal pruritus

32
Q

what is the most common etiology of vulvar cancer

A

squamous cell cancer and melanoma

33
Q

what is the treatment of vulvar cancer

A

vulvectomy and lymph node dissection

Clinical: Woman's Health (12 decks)

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