Neoplasms Flashcards
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
DCIS
ductal carcinoma in situ
FNA
fine needle aspiration
GIST
gastrointestinal stromal tumor
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma
KS
Kaposi’s sarcoma
NHL
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NSCLC
Non-small cell lung cancer
RCC
renal cell carcinoma
SCLC
small cell lung cancer
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
SLNB
sentinel lymph node biopsy
Adenocarcinomas
malignancies of epithelial glandular tissue such as those found in the breast, prostate, and colon.
Basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer
Benign
neoplasm or tumor; means that it is not malignant
Biological response modifier
immunotherapy that can destroy cancer cells, stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells, or change cancer cells to normal cells.
Biopsy
removal of a representative sample for pathological examination and diagnosis
Brachytherapy
placement of radioactive material directly into or near the cancer.
Carcinoma
malignant tumors originating from epithelial tissue.
Carcinoma in situ
malignant cells that remain within the original site with no spread or invasion into neighboring tissue.
Chemoembolization
intra-arterial administration of chemotherapy with collagen particles to enhance the delivery of chemotherapy to the targeted areas.
Chemotherapy
the use of drugs or medications to treat disease
Complete remission
there are no signs or symptoms of the cancer.
Core biopsy
procedure in which a large needle is used to extract a core sample
Debulking
procedures performed when it is impossible to remove the tumor entirely
Dissection
a tear in wall of a vessel
Endoscopic biopsy
biopsy that is performed during endoscopic examination
Excision
removal by surgical cutting
Extraction
pulling or stripping out or off all or portion of a body part by force
Fibromas
neoplasms of fibrous connective tissue
Fine needle aspiration
procedure in which a very small needle is used; works best for masses that are superficial or easily accessible
Foregut
bronchi and stomach (sites of carcinoid neoplasms)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
a type of tumor that occurs in the gastro intestinal tract, usually in the stomach or small intestine
Glioma
a primary malignant brain neoplasm that starts in the glial cells of the central nervous system.
Grading
pathologic examination of tumor cells. Degree of cell abnormality determines the grade of cancer.
Hindgut
colon and rectum
Immunotherapy
administration of agents that stimulate the immune system’s response against tumors
Incisional biopsy
procedure in which a representative sample of a tumor mass is removed to permit pathologic examination
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
cancer that develops from the lining of lymph or blood vessels
Leiomoma
tumor or growth within the walls of the uterus. Also called uterine fibroid.
Leukemia
cancer of the white blood cells that begins in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow.
Lipoma
growth of fat cells within a capsule that is usually found just below the skin
Lymphoma
cancer of the lymphatic system
Malignancy
neoplasm that has the ability to invade adjacent structures and spread to distant sites.
Malignant ascites
excess fluid that contains malignant cells accumulates in the abdomen or peritoneum.
Malignant melanoma
malignant neoplasm of the melanocytes, and the most common place of occurrence is the skin.
Malignant mesothelioma
rare, aggressive cancer that develops in the protective lining or mesothelium that surrounds and protects the internal organs.
Malignant pleural effusion
fluid accumulates inn the pleural space and contains malignant cells.
Melanomas
malignant changes of melanin cells
Metastasis
spread of a cancer from one part of the body to another, as in the appearance of neoplasms in parts of the body separate from the site of the primary tumor.
Midgut
small intestine and appendix
Myeloma
malignancy that originates in the bone marrow.
Neoplasm
abnormal growth
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
a type of cancer of the lymphatic system
Palliative
procedure performed to correct a condition that is causing problems for the patient
Preventive or prophylactic surgery
procedure performed to remove tissue that has the potential to become cancerous
Partial remission
there are still a few signs and symptoms of the cancer, and the cancer cells have significantly decreased.
Primary site
site at which the neoplasm begins or originates
Radiation
use of high-energy radiation to treat cancer
Restorative or reconstructive
surgery performed to restore function and enhance aesthetic appearance
Sarcomas
malignant growths of connective tissue
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
a procedure that identifies the sentinel lymph nodes for removal and pathologic examination
Staging
means of categorizing a particular cancer that assists in determination of a patient’s treatment plan and the need for further therapy
Staging surgeries
procedures performed to help the clinician determine the extent of disease; these are usually more accurate than laboratory and imaging tests.
Squamous cell carcinoma
second most common type of skin cancer that also occurs in areas of the body that have been exposed to the sun.
Undifferentiated
tumor cells that are highly abnormal
Well-differentiated
tumor cells that closely resemble mature, specialized cells.
