Neoplasia: Terminology I and II Flashcards
Neoplasia:
Abnormal collection of new cells resulting from genetic changes that enabled autonomous/unregulated proliferation.
Hallmark of malignancy:
Ability to metastasize.
Sarcoma:
Malignant mesenchyme.
Lymphoma:
Malignant lymphoid tissue, white blood cells in one place.
Leukemia:
Malignant white blood cells floating in the blood stream.
Melanoma:
Malignant melanocytes.
Glioma:
Malignant brain/CNS.
Mesothelioma:
Malignant mesothelial cells.
Seminoma:
Subtype of malignant germ cells (in testes).
Carcinoma:
Epithelial derived.
Adenocarcinoma:
Malignant glands.
Papillary carcinoma:
Malignant finger-like projections.
Teratoma:
Cells of greater than 1 germ cell layer; from totipotential cells.
Hamartoma:
Right cells for the right place, but with the wrong arrangement.
Choristoma:
The wrong cells in the wrong place, but with the right arrangement.
Anaplasia:
Lack of differentiation: less well differentiated tumor.
Pleomorphism:
Many sizes, many shapes of tumor cells. Poor uniformity.
Metaplasia:
Replacement of one normal cell type with a different normal cell type.
Dysplasia:
A neoplastic replacement of normal cells by abnormal cells.
Carcinoma in situ
- Marked pleomorphism.
- Full thickness changes in the epithelium.
- No invasion of basement membrane.
TNM System:
Tumor staging:
T: tumor size and extent of invasion.
N: lymph nodes: number and location involved.
M: metastasis.
Rate of growth is limited by (3):
- Doubling time.
- Growth fraction.
- Rate cells are shed or die.
Cancer stem cell:
Has stem cell-like properties with immortality.
Warburg effect:
Tumors lack oxygen dependent ATP generation from mitochondria and rely on aerobic glycolysis.
- Use large amounts of glucose regardless of O2 levels.
