Neoplasia - Martinez Audiolecture

Question 1

What is a hamartoma?

Answer 1

a nodule or mass composed of cells and tissues normally present in the organ, but lacking the proper organization

Question 2

What is a choristoma?

Answer 2

a nodule or mass composed of cells and tissues NOT normally present in the organ. Usually no clinical presentation. (ones in the duodenum can produce excess secretions causing ulcers)

Question 3

Are hamartomas and choristomas forms of neoplasia?

Answer 3

no. they are masses resulting from developmental anomalies. They only produce symptoms by compressing nearby tissues. charistomas can cause ulcers by secretions in gut.

Question 4

what are two major classes of neoplasia?

Answer 4

benign and malignant

Question 5

What does benign mean?

Answer 5

tumors without metastatic potential

Question 6

What does malignant mean?

Answer 6

tumor with metastatic potential

Question 7

Are cancers ending in -oma usually benign or malignant?

Answer 7

usually benign, but there are exceptions. Melanomas, hepatoma, lymphoma, and myelomas are malignant.

Question 8

Are cancers designated as carcinoma or sarcomas usually benign or malignant?

Answer 8

usually malignant.

Question 9

Where do carcinomas originate?

Answer 9

epithelium

Question 10

Where do sarcomas originate?

Answer 10

mesenchyme

Question 11

Where do lymphomas originate? are they benign or malignant?

Answer 11

malignant neoplasias of lymphoid cells.

Question 12

Where do myelomas originate and are they benign or malignant?

Answer 12

myelomas are malignant neoplasias of plasma cells

Question 13

What does the suffic -blastoma mean?

Answer 13

used for neoplasms thought to be arising from pluripotent cells (embryonic remnants). Can contain a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements

Question 14

What is an adenoma?

Answer 14

benign tumor arising from gland

Question 15

What is a polyp?

Answer 15

finger-like or club-like tumor rising from the surface with a stalk. If the stalk is long -> predunculated polyp. If tumor has small or no stalk it is called sessile polyp. If glandular, adenomatous polyp.

Question 16

What is a papilloma?

Answer 16

polyp with many finger-like projections.

Question 17

Would you expect the tumor counterpart of ciliated cells to have more or fewer cilia than normal?

Answer 17

will have far fewer because there is less differentiation in tumor cells

Question 18

Which are better differentiated: benign or malignant tumors?

Answer 18

benign tumors tend to be better differentiated

Question 19

What is anaplasia?

Answer 19

lack of, incomplete, or defective differentiation.

Question 20

In general which will grow faster: benign or malignant tumors?

Answer 20

normally malignant tumors grow faster than malignant tumors.

Question 21

Why would tumor cells have high concentrations of glycogen?

Answer 21

tumor cells have high rates of aerobic glycolysis.

Question 22

What does atypia mean?

Answer 22

not corresponding to the normal type

Question 23

What are transformed cells?

Answer 23

malignant cells

Question 24

What are the properties of tumor cells in culture?

Answer 24

they are immortal - will grow forever
anchorage independent - malignant cells do not need a surface to grow on and can grow in fluid medium
Loss of contact inhibition. Malignant cells continue to grow and pile up on top of each other.
Decreased requirement for exogenous growth factors (can produce their own)
When transplanted to immunotolerant animals, they will grow and metastasize

Question 25

What is a special property of invasive basal carcinomas?

Answer 25

they can secrete metaloproteases that can degrade basement membranes to invade tissues and metastisize

Question 26

What is parenchyma?

Answer 26

neoplastic cells of a tumor

Question 27

What is the tumor stroma?

Answer 27

non-neoplastic portion composed of blood vessels and supporting connective tissue. This is produced by host, but is induced by tumor.