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Oral Pathology 2nd Year > Neoplasia Information > Flashcards

Neoplasia Information Flashcards

1
Q

Criteria for epithelial dysplasia? (3 pts)

A

1- dyskeratosis (premature keratosis)
2- keratin in epithelial layer
3- hyperchromatism (increased staining)

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2
Q

Is erythroplakia common?

A

NO

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3
Q

What is eryhtroplakia?

A

red patches, without increase in vascularity

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4
Q

Results of diascopy test on erythroplakia?

A

Negative. No blanching

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5
Q

What is critical with regard to biopsy for speckled leukoplakia/speckled erythroplakia?

A

need to biopsy multiple locations

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6
Q

Where does basal cell carcinoma occur?

A

NOT ORAL CAVITY. occurs on skin/lip

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7
Q

What is a common location of basal cell carcinoma?

A

mid-face

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8
Q

3 characteristics of basal cell carcinoma

A

1- slow growing
2- non-healing ulcer
3- raised pearly white border

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9
Q

What is the most and second most common cancers of the skin?

A

1 - basal cell carcinoma

2- squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

Prognosis of basal cell carcinoma?

A

VERY GOOD. very rarely does it metastasize (unles you leave it for a long ass time)

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11
Q

What is most common oral cancer of oral cavity?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

common location of squamous cell carcinoma of lip vermillion?

A

Lower lip vermillion

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13
Q

Treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of lip vermillion?

A

Biopsy first (including border), and lip shaving

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14
Q

what is the percent chance that erythroplakia is pre-cancerous?

A

90%

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15
Q

What does T,M,N stand for in staging of OSCC?

A

T - tumor size
M - M0 (not metastasized), M1 (has metastasized)
N - Lymph node involvement

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16
Q

2 characteristics of verrucous carcinoma (ackermans tumor, snuff dipper’s cancer)

A

1- grows laterally over vertically/invasively

2- wart-like surface (roughened)

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17
Q

A,B,C,D,E clinical features of melanoma

A 
A - asymmetry
B - border irregularity
C - Color variation
D - Diameter greater than 6mm
E - Evolving (growing)
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18
Q

What is 3rd most common skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

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19
Q

Most deadly skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

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20
Q

What does melanoma arise from?

A

de novo(out of nowhere), or from acquired melanocytic nevus

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21
Q

2 Most common locations of oral melanoma?

A

hard palate mucosa, gingiva

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22
Q

Most common location of a fibroma?

A

buccal mucosa (by bite line, probably consequence of trauma from biting)

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23
Q

What may be different with a fibroma for a white/black patient?

A

Black patient may gray pigmentation

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24
Q

2 characteristics of fibroma

A

1- smooth surface

2- firm

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25
Q

are fibromas common?

A

Yes

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26
Q

Are lipomas common on skin/oral cavity?

A

Common on skin, not in oral cavity

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27
Q

How can we differentiate lipoma from fibroma?

A

Lipoma is softer and may have yellowish tinge

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28
Q

Most common location of oral lipomas?

A

buccal mucosa and buccal vestibule. but can be on tongue lips, floor of mouth

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29
Q

What would results be on diascopy test for a hemangioma?

A

positive (color will move with glass slide pressure)

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30
Q

2 characteristics of hemangiomas?

A

smooth surface

blue-ish/reddish tinge

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31
Q

Are central hemangiomas common?

A

No very rare

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32
Q

What is a central hemangioma?

A

hemangioma occuring within bone

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33
Q

If you push on a loose tooth and it bleeds, what do you do?

A

DO NOT EXTRACT. could be central hemangioma

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34
Q

Where exactly do lymphangiomas occur?

A

Lymphatic channels, NOT LYMPHOCYTES

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35
Q

What is a cystic hygroma?

A

type of lymphangioma that occurs in the head/neck

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36
Q

What does a hemangioma affect?

A

vascular channels: arteries and veins

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37
Q

How do we treat osteomas?

A

lay back flap and drill/chisel excess bone

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38
Q

What are the 4 features of Gardner Syndrome?

A
  1. multiple osteomas
  2. multiple epidermoid cysts (skin cysts)
  3. supernumerary teeth
  4. Intestinal polyps (often become malignant)
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39
Q

What is 2 features of fibrosarcoma?

A
  1. Increasing in size

2. fleshy lesion

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40
Q

Are Liposarcomas common in oral cavity?

A

NO

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41
Q

What is Angiosarcoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of blood vessels

42
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasm of connective tissue in the oral cavity?

A

osteosarcoma

43
Q

What cell specifically becomes malignant with osteosarcoma?

A

osteoblasts

44
Q

What are 5 features of osteosarcoma in a radiograph?

A
  1. symmetrical widening of PDL
  2. loss of lamina dura
  3. change in trabecular pattern
  4. malignant osteoblasts still producing bone but invading elsewhere
  5. sun burst/sun ray effect (bone projecting into soft tissue
45
Q

2 features of chondrosarcoma?

A
  1. symmetrical widening of PDL

2. abnormal trabecular pattern

46
Q

what is a leiomyoma?

A

benign neoplasm of smooth muscle

47
Q

2 characteristics of leiomyoma?

A
  1. slow-growing

2. firm

48
Q

4 most common locations of leiomyoma?

A
  1. lips
  2. tongue
  3. palate
  4. cheek
49
Q

most common location of rhabdomyomas? (3 locations)

A
  1. floor of mouth
  2. soft palate
  3. base of tongue
50
Q

Where do have of all oral leiomyosarcomas occur in the oral cavity?

A

jawbones

51
Q

2 characteristics of a leiomyosarcoma?

A
  1. fleshy

2. growing elevated lesion

52
Q

where is the most frequent location of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Palate

53
Q

2 characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A
  1. grows fast

2. painless (usually)

54
Q

3 symptoms of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2B

A
  1. medullary thyroid carcinoma
  2. adrenal pheochromocytomas (medullary part)
  3. oral mucosal neuromas
55
Q

What disease can result in 100’s of neurofibromas and pigmentation of the skin?

A

Multiple neurofibromatosis type 1 (von recklinghausen disease of skin)

56
Q

what malignant transformation can occur with multiple neurofibromatosis type 1?

A

neurofibrosarcoma

57
Q

whats another name for a schwannoma?

A

Neurilemoma

58
Q

What is the most common location for a schwannoma?

A

Tongue

59
Q

1 characteristic of schwannoma?

A

slow growing

60
Q

Most common locations of ORAL neurogenic sarcoma (neurosarcoma)

A

mandible, lips, and buccal mucosa

61
Q

neurosarcoma/neurogenic sarcoma of the madible may present what radiographic features?

A

widening of mandibular canal or mental foramen (with or without destruction of surrounding bone

62
Q

What is the common location of a granular cell tumor?

A

tongue

63
Q

What are the 4 histologic features of a granular cell tumor?

A
  1. pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
  2. overproliferation of epithelial cells
  3. elongation of rete bridges
  4. large cells within granular layer
64
Q

What is the almost exclusive location of the congenital epulis of the newborn?

A

alveolar ridges

65
Q

What does the peripheral ossifying fibroma come from? (it is often mistaken for this)

A

pyogenic granuloma

66
Q

Where can pyogenic granulomas occur?

A

Anywhere in oral cavity

67
Q

Where do peripheral ossifying fibromas occur?

A

almost exclusively to gingiva

68
Q

Where does the peripheral giant cell granuloma almost exlusively occur?

A

on gingiva edentulous alveolar ridge

69
Q

What feature of the peripheral giant cell granuloma OFTEN makes it distinguishable from a pyogenic granuloma?

A

it is more blue/purple

70
Q

What 3 reactive localized gingival enalrgement lesions are always included together in a DDX?

A

pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma

71
Q

What type of lesion is a squamous papilloma?

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial origin

72
Q

What type of lesion is a verruca vulgaris?

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial origin

73
Q

What type of lesion is a condyloma acuminatum?

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial origin

74
Q

What type of lesion is multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease)?

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial origin

75
Q

What type of lesion is an aquired melanocytic nevus?

A

benign neoplasm of epithelial origin

76
Q

What type of lesion is basal cell carcinoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

77
Q

What type of lesion is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

78
Q

What type of lesion is verrucous carcinoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

79
Q

What type of lesion is melanoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

80
Q

What type of lesion is a fibroma?

A

benign neoplasm of connective tissue origin

81
Q

What type of lesion is a lipoma?

A

benign neoplasm of connective tissue origin

82
Q

What type of lesion is a hemangioma?

A

benign neoplasm of connective tissue origin

83
Q

What type of lesion is a lymphangioma?

A

benign neoplasm of connective tissue origin

84
Q

What type of lesion is an osteoma?

A

benign neoplasm of connective tissue origin

85
Q

What type of lesion is a fibrosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue origin

86
Q

What type of lesion is a liposarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue origin

87
Q

What type of lesion is an angiosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue origin

88
Q

What type of lesion is an osteosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue origin

89
Q

What type of lesion is a chondrosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of connective tissue origin

90
Q

What type of lesion is a leiomyoma?

A

benign neoplasm of muscle origin

91
Q

What type of lesion is a rhabdomyoma?

A

benign neoplasm of muscle origin

92
Q

What type of lesion is a leiomyosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of muscle origin

93
Q

What type of lesion is a rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of muscle origin

94
Q

What type of lesion is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)?

A

benign neoplasm of nerve tissue origin

95
Q

What type of lesion is a neurofibroma?

A

benign neoplasm of nerve tissue origin

96
Q

What type of lesion is a schwannoma (neurilemoma)?

A

benign neoplasm of nerve tissue origin

97
Q

What type of lesion is a neurogenic sarcoma (neurosarcoma)?

A

malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue origin

98
Q

What type of lesion is a granular cell tumor?

A

benign lesion of uncertain origin

99
Q

What type of lesion is a congenital epulis of the newborn?

A

benign lesion of uncertain origin

100
Q

What type of lesion is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

reactive localized gingival enlargement

101
Q

What type of lesion is a peripheral ossifying fibroma?

A

reactive localized gingival enlargement

102
Q

What type of lesion is a peripheral giant cell granuloma?

A

reactive localized gingival enlargement

Oral Pathology 2nd Year (9 decks)

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