Neoplasia I

Question 1

True or false? Benign tumors usually end in -oma

Answer 1

true

Question 2

There are 2 basic components of all tumors. What are they?

Answer 2

parenchyma (malignant cells)
reactive stroma (blood vessels, innate immune system cells, CT)

Question 3

These are epithelial tumors arising in glands or with a glandular pattern

Answer 3

adenomas

Question 4

there are adenomas producing large cystic masses; common in ovary

Answer 4

cystadenoma

Question 5

These are epithelial tumors forming gross or microscopic finger-like projections

Answer 5

papillomas

Question 6

These are tumors with macroscopic projection above the mucosa

Answer 6

polyps

Question 7

There are two general categories of malignant tumors. Name them and their cell origin

Answer 7

carcinoma: epithelial cell origin
sarcoma: mesenchymal cell origin

Question 8

These tumors are neoplastic cones of a single germ cell layer that differentiate into more than one cell type

Answer 8

mixed tumor

Question 9

These tumors arise from totipotential germ cells that differentiate into many cell types. They are composed of various parenchymal elements from more than one germ cell layer.

Answer 9

teratoma

Question 10

This tumor-like condition is ectopic rests of non-neoplastic tissues. Architecture is normal, but in an abnormal location. example: gastric fundic mucosa in duodenum

Answer 10

choristoma

Question 11

This tumor-like condition is described by masses of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular site. Location is normal, but architecture is abnormal.

Answer 11

hamartoma

Question 12

Define pleomorhphism

Answer 12

variation in size and/or shape of cells and/or their nuclei

Question 13

Benign tumors tend to grow ____, while malignant tumors grow _____

Answer 13

slowly; rapidly

Question 14

What 3 factors determine growth rate of a tumor?

Answer 14

doubling time, growth fraction, rate of apoptosis or cell shedding

Question 15

Define dysplasia

Answer 15

abnormal tissue organization and cytology, typically pertaining to pre-malignant conditions

Question 16

Define anaplasia

Answer 16

lack of differentiation in malignant conditions

Question 17

The more anapestic the cells are, the ____ they function like their normal counterparts

Answer 17

less

Question 18

_____ in situ has the epithelial features of malignancy, without invasion or metastatic potential

Answer 18

carcinoma

Question 19

Metastasis spread to sites discontinuous with the original mass. True or false?

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What is a paraneoplastic syndrome?

Answer 20

a symptom complex in someone that can’t be explained by the mechanics of tumor spread or the substances produced by normal tissue of the region

note: endocrinopathies, hypercalcemia, neuropathies, thrombotic disorders

Question 21

This paraneoplastic syndrome - small lung carcinoma - ACTH/ACTH like substance

Answer 21

cushing syndrome

Question 22

This paraneoplastic syndrome - small lung carcinoma - ADH or atrial natriuretic hormones

Answer 22

SIADH

Question 23

This paraneoplastic syndrome - squamous cell lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, renal carcinoma - parathyroid hormone-related protein, TGF-alpha, TNF, IL-1

Answer 23

hypercalcemia

Question 24

This paraneoplastic syndrome - ovarian carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, insulin, or insulin like substance

Answer 24

hypoglycemia

Question 25

This paraneoplastic syndrome - bronchogenic carcinoma, thymoma - immune mediated

Answer 25

myasthenia gravis

Question 26

This paraneoplastic syndrome - pancreatic carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma - mucins activate coagulation cascade

Answer 26

venous thormbosis

Question 27

What is the grade of a tumor based on?

Answer 27

degree of differentiation, architecture, mitotic rate

Question 28

What is the stage of a tumor based on?

Answer 28

size of malignancy, number of lymph nodes involved, presence or absence of distant metastases