Acute, Chronic, and Granulomatous Inflammation Flashcards
Inflammation provides ___ for repair
matrix
Describe acute inflammation
generally of shorter duration
characterized by mobilization of fluid and acute inflammatory cells (neutrophils) into tissues
Describe the vascular changes that occur in Acute inflammation
- immediate vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation
- increased blood flow to site of injury
- slowing of circulation to the area by increased microvascular permeability
- margination of WBC’s (especially neutrophils)
There are two vascular forces involved normally. One’s direction is from inside - out and the other is from outside - in. Name these.
Hydrostatic pressure: inside - out
Colloid osmotic pressure: outside - in
What vascular force dominates during vasodilation and stasis?
hydrostatic pressure - pushes walls of vein/artery outwards (dilation)
note: there are increased interoendothelial spaces for protein and red and white cells to exit and travel into damaged tissue
What role do vascular forces play in heart failure and liver/kidney disease?
heart failure: increased hydrostatic pressure but no interoendothelial spaces (venous outflow obstruction)
liver/kidney disease: decreased colloid osmotic pressure - leads to decreased protein synthesis/increase in protein loss
What are the two cellular changes that occur in acute inflammation?
- delivery of WBC’s to site of injury
2. phagocytosis
Describe the process of how WBC’s (neutrophils) get to the site of injury
- neutrophils marginate
- they roll along endothelium
- migrate across endothelium (diapedesis)
- migrate through the interstitial as the result of a chemotactic response
Sialyl-Lewis X on the ____ binds to E-selectin and P-selectin on the ____
leukocyte; endothelium
note: this is how the WBC marginates and begins to roll
The leukocyte rolls on the endothelium until ___ binds to ____ on the endothelium. Diapedesis follows.
integrins; ICAM-1
This is how the WBC adheres to the endothelium
For the following disease, give the associated defect:
leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1
Deficient adhesion - mutation in beta chain of integrins
For the following disease, give the associated defect:
leukocyte adhesion deficiency 2
Deficient adhesion - mutation in fucosyl transferase (required for synthesis Sialyl-Lews X)
For the following disease, give the associated defect:
Chronic granulomatous disease
Decreased oxidative burst
For the following disease, give the associated defect:
MPO deficiency
Decreased microbial killing
For the following disease, give the associated defect:
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
decreased leukocyte functions - mutation affecting protein involved in lysosomal membrane traffic
