Neoplasia - classification + diagnosis Flashcards
Definition of neoplasia
3 factors
- New growth
- Tissue state characterised by a permanently altered growth pattern
- Abnormal mass of tissues, the growth of which is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and persists after stimulus is removed
Tumour defintion
- swelling, generally without inflammation
- caused by an abnormal growth of tissue whether benign or malignant
2 types of behaviour of neoplasia
benign
malignant
4 major cell type of origin (neoplasia)
- epithelium
- connective tissue
- lymphoid tissue
- germ cells
Grade 1 =
Grade 2 =
Grade 3 =
- well differentiated
- moderately differentiated
- poorly differentiated
What is the main important difference between benign and malignant tumours
Malignant metastasis and benign tumours don’t
Benign tumours can become locally aggressive
Example of a benign tumour that locally aggressive that develops usually around the jaw
Ameloblastoma - does not metastasis - need surgery to remove
Malignant tumours (that can metastasis but rarely do)
Example of skin cancer
Example of salivary gland tumour
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Acinic cell carcinoma
What type of tumours are more common in the head and neck epithelial or mesenchymal?
squamous or glandular?
Epithelial
squamous - arise from mucosa
In an epithelial tumour, what does at the end saying carcinoma and in an mesenchymal sarcoma mesenchymal imply?
It’s always a malignant tumour
Malignant tumour location
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Leukaemia
lymphoid system
melanocytes
bone marrow cells
Function of squamous epithelium
acts as a ‘barrier’
forms the wall, allows selective diffusion of materials to pass through
How do squamous cells become malignant
lose tight attachments
dissolve the basement membrane
enter connective tissues
Staging of tumour classification
T - Tumour ( 1-4) size of tumour and structure
N - Lymph nodes (1-3) number and size of lymph nodes
M- Metastasis (x= yes 0 = no)
