Immune system Flashcards
What does the immune system protect us from
microbes and worms
Which part of the immune system is first line of defence
How does it work
What does it give rise to
Innate immune system
works rapidly, allowing acute inflammatory response
How does the innate and adaptive immune system interact with each other
cytokines
chemical mediators
chemokines
antibodies
What are the 2 major lymphocytes and where are they produce and what are they produced under the stimulation of…
T cell - Thymus
B cell - bone marrow
Both are produced on stimulation of the antigen.
What interactions are critical to the development of specific immunity in the adaptive system
T an B cell interactions and T cells with antigen presenting cells
What happens when the immune system fails
Giving rise to immunodeficiency e.g. HIV or over react for foreign microbes
What happens when the immune system is ‘hypersensitive’ to a microbe
“over reacts”
severe tissue damage sometimes death
What WBC in the immune system ingest and kill microbes
phagocytes
When does the adaptive immune system come in and what is the key difference
Second line of defences
More specific- recognises if the microbe has invaded the body before leading to a more rapid explode on the microbe on the 2nd or 3rd entry.
Innate immunity cells
Phagocytes (and macrophages)
Natural killer cells
mast cells
dendritic cells
Adaptive immunity cells
T and B cells
What is an antigen
A toxic/foreign substance that secretes an immune response especially production of antibodies
Binds to specific T cell receptor or antibody
What is an antibody (immunoglobulin)
protective protein made in response to an antigen
What do T and B cells differentiate into which cells within the adaptive immune system
memory and effector cells
B cells on contact with antigen, proliferate and differentiate which serve as memory cell and mature into …….
plasma cells
Why are plasma cells produced from B cells important in the adaptive immunity
They make antibody (immunoglobulin) which is specific for the antigen to neutralise or eliminate it (humoral immunity)
What do natural killer cells do, release and induce?
And what do they help activate?
bind to and kill infected cells by releasing performs and inducing apoptosis
T-cell mediated immunity
Why are dendritic cells important?
What do they mostly interact with?
important link between innate and adaptive immune systems. Mostly interact with T cells through MHC class II molecules and B cells
What type of life span does a phagocyte (neutrophil/macrophage) have and what do they die from
short half life
apoptosis
What are the process of 2 major types of dendritic cells
- those expressing high levels of MHC class II for antigen presentation to T cells
- those in follicles of lymphoid that do not express MHC class II
2 classifications of dendritic cells
Myeloid
Plasmacytoid
What do dendritic cell present and process to antigens to regulate an immune response
CD4+ T cells
