Immune system

Question 1

What does the immune system protect us from

Answer 1

microbes and worms

Question 2

Which part of the immune system is first line of defence
How does it work
What does it give rise to

Answer 2

Innate immune system

works rapidly, allowing acute inflammatory response

Question 3

How does the innate and adaptive immune system interact with each other

Answer 3

cytokines
chemical mediators
chemokines
antibodies

Question 4

What are the 2 major lymphocytes and where are they produce and what are they produced under the stimulation of…

Answer 4

T cell - Thymus
B cell - bone marrow

Both are produced on stimulation of the antigen.

Question 5

What interactions are critical to the development of specific immunity in the adaptive system

Answer 5

T an B cell interactions and T cells with antigen presenting cells

Question 6

What happens when the immune system fails

Answer 6

Giving rise to immunodeficiency e.g. HIV or over react for foreign microbes

Question 7

What happens when the immune system is ‘hypersensitive’ to a microbe

Answer 7

“over reacts”

severe tissue damage sometimes death

Question 8

What WBC in the immune system ingest and kill microbes

Answer 8

phagocytes

Question 9

When does the adaptive immune system come in and what is the key difference

Answer 9

Second line of defences
More specific- recognises if the microbe has invaded the body before leading to a more rapid explode on the microbe on the 2nd or 3rd entry.

Question 10

Innate immunity cells

Answer 10

Phagocytes (and macrophages)
Natural killer cells
mast cells
dendritic cells

Question 11

Adaptive immunity cells

Answer 11

T and B cells

Question 12

What is an antigen

Answer 12

A toxic/foreign substance that secretes an immune response especially production of antibodies
Binds to specific T cell receptor or antibody

Question 13

What is an antibody (immunoglobulin)

Answer 13

protective protein made in response to an antigen

Question 14

What do T and B cells differentiate into which cells within the adaptive immune system

Answer 14

memory and effector cells

Question 15

B cells on contact with antigen, proliferate and differentiate which serve as memory cell and mature into …….

Answer 15

plasma cells

Question 16

Why are plasma cells produced from B cells important in the adaptive immunity

Answer 16

They make antibody (immunoglobulin) which is specific for the antigen to neutralise or eliminate it (humoral immunity)

Question 17

What do natural killer cells do, release and induce?

And what do they help activate?

Answer 17

bind to and kill infected cells by releasing performs and inducing apoptosis
T-cell mediated immunity

Question 18

Why are dendritic cells important?

What do they mostly interact with?

Answer 18

important link between innate and adaptive immune systems.
Mostly interact with T cells through MHC class II molecules and B cells

Question 19

What type of life span does a phagocyte (neutrophil/macrophage) have and what do they die from

Answer 19

short half life

apoptosis

Question 20

What are the process of 2 major types of dendritic cells

Answer 20

• those expressing high levels of MHC class II for antigen presentation to T cells
• those in follicles of lymphoid that do not express MHC class II

Question 21

2 classifications of dendritic cells

Answer 21

Myeloid

Plasmacytoid

Question 22

What do dendritic cell present and process to antigens to regulate an immune response

Answer 22

CD4+ T cells