Neoplasia Ch8 Flashcards

1
Q

Which stains can be used to look for mast cell tumours

A

Giemsa

Toluidine blue

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2
Q

What is Fontana-masson silver stain used for

A

Stains melanin granules - melanocytic neoplasia

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3
Q

What stain is used to detect melanocytes

A

Melan-A

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4
Q

What is the most common skin tumour of cattle & what is the aitiologic agent?

A

Papillomas

Bovine palillomavirus

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5
Q

2 histologically distinct types of papillomas

A

1) Squamous papillomas - entirely squamous epithelial proliferations, and

2) Fibropapillomas - those with proliferation of underlying fibrous connective tissue as well as of epithelium.

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6
Q

Which bacteria are associated with interdigital papilloma in cattle?

A

Spirochetes. Usually respond to pen/ceftiofur or topical oxytet

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7
Q

Tx options for papillomas in cows?

How does this differ for sheep?

A

Cows - most undergo spontaneous regression, esp in younger animals. Can exicse 1 lesion or use immunostimulants to help speed up, although requirement unclear

Sheep - less likely to spontaneously regress & can undergo malignant transformation to SCC. Surgical excision or cryotherapy often curative.

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8
Q

What neoplasm may papillomas transform into?

A

SCC

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9
Q

Common predilection sites for SCC in cows, sheep, goats & pigs

A

Cows - mucocutaneous junctions, (eyes, vulva), udder. Older Herefords & Ayreshires predisposed

Sheep - ears, muzzle, lower lip, vulva, perineal region (post strike). Older Merino esp

Goats - mainly older females & common around the udder assoc. w papillomas. Angora, Saanen, and Saanen crosses are predisposed

V rare in pigs (despite non-pigmented skin). No known predilection site

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10
Q

Tx options for SCC

A

Wide sx excision, cryotherapy, hyperthermia, or radiation therapy of tumours before mets can be curative

NB immunotherapy can INCREASE rate of mets in sheep

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11
Q

Clinical features of melanomas in pigs

A

Lesions are solitary or multiple and occur as either flat plaque-like tumours or larger raised tumours, most often on the trunk

In predisposed breeds (Sinclair, Duroc-Jersey), the flat tumours typically spontaneously regress from as early as 1 month old, often leaving a halo of depigmented skin and hair behind

Larger, raised tumours often metastasise within the first year

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12
Q

Clinical features of melanomas in cattle

A

Usually younger animals - either present at birth or develop within 2 yrs, usually grey haired or potentially black or red haired cows.

Most commonly occur on the head (especially the jaw), neck, trunk, or legs.

Most tumours arise in areas of pigmented hair. Their size is variable (5-25cm) & usually solitary lesions with intact overlying skin

Lesions in young cattle are almost always benign and wide sx excision often curative

More likely metastatic in older animals

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13
Q

Clinical features of melanoma in sheep/goats

A

Usually older animals. Can be single or multicentric.

Tumours of sheep and goats are commonly malignant & metastatic

Perineal and horn-base melanomas of goats can exhibit widespread mets to multiple LNs, bone and internal organs, incl lungs, liver, adrenals and kidneys.

Sx excision of cutaneous lesions in goats can be attempted, but death from mets is common

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14
Q

3 most common orbital neoplasms in cattle

A

1 - SCC

2 - squamous papilloma

3 - orbital lymphoma

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15
Q

Which tumour of the jaw may occur in adult sheep & grazing what plant is associated with it?

A

Fibrosarcoma

Assoc w grazing bracken fern

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16
Q

Most common GI tumour of sheep?

And cattle?

A

Sheep - adenocarcinoma occurs relatively commonly; esp SI

Cattle - more commonly affected by SCC. Bracken fern ingestion thought to contribute to transformation of papillomas

Lymphoma assoc w BLV also in endemic areas

17
Q

Most common nasal tumour in sheep

A

Nasal adenocarcinoma - enzootic retroviral tumour

18
Q

What causes Jaagsiekte

A

Retroviral neoplastic consition rx in pulmonory adenocarcinoma

Differentiate from Maedi Visna - also retroviral - causes ovine rogressive pneumonia

19
Q

Most common mediastinal tumour in goats

A

Mediastinal lymphoma

20
Q

Most common vaginal/cervical tumours

A

Smooth muscle tumours occur in all 4 spp. Most common in cattle

21
Q

Most common penile tumour in bulls

A

Papilloma/fibropapilloma

Usually spontaneously regress

Can be excised but may recurr esp in young bulls

22
Q

Ddx for testicular swelling

A

Sperm granuloma (localised)

Orchitis, epididymitis

Neoplasia - commonly incl sertoli cell, interstitial cell & germ cell tumours

23
Q

What is enzootic haematuiria

A

A syndrome in cattle and sheep that have access to bracken fern in which multiple animals are affected with a variety of urinary bladder tumours.

In cattle, bovine papillomavirus and bracken fern can act synergistically to cause bladder tumours