Neoplasia

Question 1

Neoplasia

Answer 1

new growth, abnormal mass of tissue

Question 2

Oncology

Answer 2

the study of tumors

Question 3

Benign neoplasm

Answer 3

does not spread of invade (-oma)

Question 4

Malignant neoplasm

Answer 4

cancer (-sarcoma or carcinoma)

Question 5

Glioma

Answer 5

tumor originating in CNS

Question 6

Leukemia

Answer 6

malignancy originating from blood forming elements

Question 7

Hematoma

Answer 7

NOT a growth but collection of blood

Question 8

Melanoma

Answer 8

malignant neoplasm of skin

benign –> nevus

Question 9

Adeno

Answer 9

glandular origin

Question 10

Sarcoma

Answer 10

mesenchymal cell origin

Question 11

Carcinoma

Answer 11

epithelial cell origin

Question 12

Carcinoma in situ

Answer 12

tumors of epith cell origin that havent invaded the basement membrne

Question 13

Parenchyma

Answer 13

actual neoplastic cells

Question 14

Stroma

Answer 14

support structures

Question 15

Benign 
Growth
Metastases
Appearance
Histology
BVs
Mitosis
Effects
Outcome

Answer 15

Slow
None
loalized; generally not invasive
Well differentiated
Inc and well formed
Normal
Localized unless functional
Pos except can be biologically malignant

Question 16

Biologic Malignancy

Answer 16

Neoplasia that is benign but can result in death because of its anatomical position or function

Question 17

Malignant 
Growth
Metastases
Appearance
Histology
BVs
Mitosis
Effects
Outcome

Answer 17

Rapid
Yes
Invasive, crab like, adheres
Varies from well diff to anaplastic
Numerous and poorly formed
Numerous and abnormal 
Systemic
Varies

Question 18

Metastasis

Answer 18

Neoplastic cells at sites distant from primary tumor

Primary feature of malignant tumors

Question 19

Pathways for metastasis

Answer 19

lymph system
blood vessels
seeding

Question 20

Common sites for metastasis

Answer 20

lymph nodes
lungs (often first organ to filter)
liver (primary for GI neoplasis)
Bone (initial presenting site for breast, pelvic and prostate)
CNS - lung, breast, lymphoma, melanomas

Question 21

Differentiation

Answer 21

Differentiated tumor cells resemle normal cells and tend to grow and spread at a slower rate

Question 22

Undifferentiated cells

Answer 22

lack structure and function of normal cells and grow uncontrollably

Question 23

Grading

Answer 23

based on cell differentiation
Well differentiated
Intermediate
Undifferentiated
Anaplastic - no characteristics of original tissue cells, high variance in size and shape

Question 24

Staging

Answer 24

describes the extent or severity of the cancer based on extent of the priamry (original) tumor and extent of spread in the body
Staging is more predictive

Question 25

Staging system

Answer 25

TNM Tumor size Lymph node involvement Metastasis

Question 26

Epidemiology

Answer 26

2nd leading COD 1 in 4 males and 1 in 5 F (1985) Survival rate based on 1, 5, and 10 year marks Normal life expectancy is 50%

Question 27

Pain - why?

Answer 27

``` tissue distruction inflammation mechanical obstruction nerve invasion or comp blood vessel ```

Question 28

Medication use for pain

Answer 28

non opiates | opiates

Question 29

Clical manifestations

Answer 29

``` mass effects pathological fractures hemorrhage inflammation, infection, necrosis anemia fatigue Cachexia hormonal imbalances fever paraneoplastic syndrome (flat bones more metas than long) ```

Question 30

Dx procedure

Answer 30

``` gross exam biopsy immunocytochemical study DNA analysis biochemical analysis Cytolgic smears ```

Question 31

Treatment

Answer 31

``` Prevention and early detection Surgery Chemotherapy Complementary and alternate medicien endocrine therapy biologic therapy radiation ```

Question 32

CAUTION

Answer 32

``` Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore or wound that wont heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or diff swallowing Nagging cough or hoarseness ```

Question 33

Special questions

Answer 33

``` weight loss previous cancer (family too) visual changes, headaches fatigue exposure to chemicals/environmental agents ```

Question 34

``` Contraindications to aerobic exercise Platelet Hemoglobin WBC Granulocyte Hematocrit ```

Answer 34

Platelet 10000 with fever | Granulocyte

Question 35

Intensity and duration

Answer 35

``` HR is often an inaccurate monitor O2 sat (pulse ox) --> keep 90 or above RPE --> no greater than 11-13 No ex for at least two hours after chemo or radiation Interval ex may be best ```

Question 36

Mode of exercise

Answer 36

``` safety - fall risk Weight bearing is not recommended Immunosuppresed = no aquatics patient pref convenience ```

Question 37

PT precautions

Answer 37

watch for bleeds Infection protection fatigue issues be cautious with use of physical agents

Question 38

Palliative care and symp control

Answer 38

active care of patient if disease is not curative quality of life pain issues - can do contraindicated if will help QOL