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Semester 2 PM Exam 1 > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia

A

new growth, abnormal mass of tissue

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2
Q

Oncology

A

the study of tumors

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3
Q

Benign neoplasm

A

does not spread of invade (-oma)

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4
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

cancer (-sarcoma or carcinoma)

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5
Q

Glioma

A

tumor originating in CNS

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6
Q

Leukemia

A

malignancy originating from blood forming elements

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7
Q

Hematoma

A

NOT a growth but collection of blood

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8
Q

Melanoma

A

malignant neoplasm of skin

benign –> nevus

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9
Q

Adeno

A

glandular origin

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10
Q

Sarcoma

A

mesenchymal cell origin

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11
Q

Carcinoma

A

epithelial cell origin

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12
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

tumors of epith cell origin that havent invaded the basement membrne

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13
Q

Parenchyma

A

actual neoplastic cells

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14
Q

Stroma

A

support structures

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15
Q 
Benign 
Growth
Metastases
Appearance
Histology
BVs
Mitosis
Effects
Outcome
A 
Slow
None
loalized; generally not invasive
Well differentiated
Inc and well formed
Normal
Localized unless functional
Pos except can be biologically malignant
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16
Q

Biologic Malignancy

A

Neoplasia that is benign but can result in death because of its anatomical position or function

17
Q 
Malignant 
Growth
Metastases
Appearance
Histology
BVs
Mitosis
Effects
Outcome
A 
Rapid
Yes
Invasive, crab like, adheres
Varies from well diff to anaplastic
Numerous and poorly formed
Numerous and abnormal 
Systemic
Varies
18
Q

Metastasis

A

Neoplastic cells at sites distant from primary tumor

Primary feature of malignant tumors

19
Q

Pathways for metastasis

A

lymph system
blood vessels
seeding

20
Q

Common sites for metastasis

A 
lymph nodes
lungs (often first organ to filter)
liver (primary for GI neoplasis)
Bone (initial presenting site for breast, pelvic and prostate)
CNS - lung, breast, lymphoma, melanomas
21
Q

Differentiation

A

Differentiated tumor cells resemle normal cells and tend to grow and spread at a slower rate

22
Q

Undifferentiated cells

A

lack structure and function of normal cells and grow uncontrollably

23
Q

Grading

A 
based on cell differentiation
Well differentiated
Intermediate
Undifferentiated
Anaplastic - no characteristics of original tissue cells, high variance in size and shape
24
Q

Staging

A

describes the extent or severity of the cancer based on extent of the priamry (original) tumor and extent of spread in the body
Staging is more predictive

25
Q

Staging system

A

TNM
Tumor size
Lymph node involvement
Metastasis

26
Q

Epidemiology

A

2nd leading COD
1 in 4 males and 1 in 5 F (1985)
Survival rate based on 1, 5, and 10 year marks
Normal life expectancy is 50%

27
Q

Pain - why?

A 
tissue distruction
inflammation
mechanical obstruction
nerve invasion or comp
blood vessel
28
Q

Medication use for pain

A

non opiates

opiates

29
Q

Clical manifestations

A 
mass effects
pathological fractures
hemorrhage
inflammation, infection, necrosis
anemia
fatigue
Cachexia
hormonal imbalances
fever
paraneoplastic syndrome
(flat bones more metas than long)
30
Q

Dx procedure

A 
gross exam
biopsy
immunocytochemical study
DNA analysis
biochemical analysis
Cytolgic smears
31
Q

Treatment

A 
Prevention and early detection
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Complementary and alternate medicien 
endocrine therapy
biologic therapy
radiation
32
Q

CAUTION

A 
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore or wound that wont heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or diff swallowing
Nagging cough or hoarseness
33
Q

Special questions

A 
weight loss
previous cancer (family too)
visual changes, headaches
fatigue
exposure to chemicals/environmental agents
34
Q 
Contraindications to aerobic exercise
Platelet
Hemoglobin
WBC
Granulocyte
Hematocrit
A

Platelet 10000 with fever

Granulocyte

35
Q

Intensity and duration

A 
HR is often an inaccurate monitor 
O2 sat (pulse ox) --> keep 90 or above
RPE --> no greater than 11-13
No ex for at least two hours after chemo or radiation
Interval ex may be best
36
Q

Mode of exercise

A 
safety - fall risk
Weight bearing is not recommended
Immunosuppresed = no aquatics
patient pref
convenience
37
Q

PT precautions

A

watch for bleeds
Infection protection
fatigue issues
be cautious with use of physical agents

38
Q

Palliative care and symp control

A

active care of patient if disease is not curative
quality of life
pain issues - can do contraindicated if will help QOL

Semester 2 PM Exam 1 (7 decks)

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