Neoplasia 4

Question 1

What would a typical benign tumour look like? (characteristics?

Answer 1

Round
Symmetrical
Homogenous - areas look the same, colour etc
Encapsulated - also takes time to grow this, slowly, so indicated benign also.

Question 2

What would a typical malignant tumour look like? (characteristics?

Answer 2

Nasty 
Irregular 
Infiltrate - no smooth edges etc 
Destructive 
Heterogenous - different areas, colour etc

Question 3

What are some clinical complications of tumours?

Answer 3

Haemorrhage, obstruction, necrosis

Question 4

What would a high nucleolus to cytoplasm ratio indicate?

Answer 4

Malignant

Question 5

What would a low nucleolus to cytoplasm ratio indicate?

Answer 5

Benign

Question 6

What is the difference between well and poorly differentiated cells?

Answer 6

Well = look like what they should look like 
Poor = difficult to tell the cell of origin

Question 7

What is pleomorphism?

Answer 7

A term used to describe variability in the SIZE, SHAPE, and STAINING of cells and/or their nuclei
A feature characteristic of malignant neoplasms and dysplasia

Question 8

What is hyperchromasia?

Answer 8

Refers to the dark staining nuclei which is usually due to increased DNA intent.

E.g. all of the tumour cells in small cell carcinoma of the lung have dark stained nuclei.

Question 9

What is mesenchyme?

Answer 9

Tumours of connective tissue (bone, cartilage, peripheral nerves, fat, fibrous tissue etc)

Question 10

What are malignant lessons of mesenchyme called?

Answer 10

Sarcomas