Neoplasia 1 Flashcards
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell proliferation and growth that can invade other tissues.
What is a tumour?
NOT CANCER - its a swelling, can be benign or malignant or inflammatory.
What is a neoplasm?
New growth
Could be benign, premalignant or malignant
Can get them anywhere
Does a neoplasm have a stimulus?
No it had no stimulus, it is autonomous
Definition of malignant?
Metastatic potenial
Malignancy goes beyond the basement membrane
Definition of metastases?
Spread to other sites
What is dysplasia?
Disordered growth
Abnormal cells
No invasion
No stimulus
Dysplasia is often graded, what do low and high grade indicate?
Low grade = most normal
High grade = most abnormal and closest to becoming cancer
What does CIS - Carcinoma in-situ mean?
High grade dysplasia
Dysplasia affected the whole epithelium
Occurs mostly in the bladder
Last stage before becoming invasive = pre malignant
What does metaplasia mean?
REVISIBLE change from one mature cell type to another.
Is metaplasia in response to a stimulus?
Yes, in response to a noxious stimulus - actual or potential damage tissue damage
Give 2 examples of metaplastic change?
Oesophagus, squamous - glandular (in response to acid reflux)
Lung - bronchial to squamous (in response to thermal/chemical injury)
What is the epithelium of the bladder?
Transitional epithelium.
can change to squamous if catheter creates inflammation response
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in cell number
In response to a stimulus
Can be autonomous and no longer require a stimulus (post menopausal bleeding)
How do cancers survive?
Avoid death
Promote survival
Promote growth
Increase growth signals, Remove growth suppression, Avoid apoptosis, Achieve immortality, become invasive, make their own blood supply
