Neoplasia 2 Flashcards
What is BRCA associated with?
Breast and ovarian tumours
What is retinoblastoma?
Autosomal dominant, Rb
What is FAP?
Familial adenomatous polyposis. 100% of bowel cancer before 50 if you have this mutation in the APC gene.
What is the double hit hypothesis?
That you need 2 faulty copies to have a function problem. You can usually work fine with only one normal gene. So those who have inherited a fault copy already are at an increased risk.
What does lung cancer have a strong association with?
Small cell lung cancer
What does radiation cause in DNA?
It causes formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA
what are the steps in cell cycle?
G1
S
G2
M
Cells that have not entered the cell cycle are in the G0
Name 2 things that regulate the cell cycle
Cyclins
Clyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
What does Rb do in the cell cycle?
Exerts anti proliferation effects by controlling the G1 to S transition of the cell cycle.
(in its active form Rb is hypophosphorylated and binds to E2F transcription factor, this interaction prevents transcription of genes like cyclin E that are needed for DNA replication and so the cells arrest in G1.
In HPV the proteins E7 and E6 do what?
E6 - increases destruction of p53
E7 - prevents retinoblastoma (RB) protein from acting
What can chronic inflammation cause?
It can cause lymphomas
Tissue is replicating so much it becomes unstable
can be associated with cancer but it has to be long term and intense
What is Schistosomiasis?
A type of infection cause by parasites that live in fresh water - tropical regions of the world
What is dysplasia?
disordered growth, pre malignant change in epithelium
What happens once a tumour enters a vessel?
it forms an aggregate with platelets
Where does prostate cancer usually metastasis to?
Bone
