Neoplasia Flashcards
A cell that has an altered appearance and function but can return to normal is…
Dysplastic
A cell that has an altered appearance and function but can’t return to normal is…
Neoplastic
All neoplasia is caused by…
Mutations of the cell DNA
Neoplasia is less common in food animals because?
Food animals are eaten when they are young and neoplasia is more common in older animals
Programmed cell death is called…
Apoptosis
A benign neoplasm cannot…
Invade surrounding tissue, so can’t metastasise
A malignant neoplasm….
Invades surrounding tissue and can spread around the body
When a neoplasm spreads to a distant location in the body this is
Metastasis
The process of a cell changing from normal to neoplastic…
Transformation
Oncogenes
Code for proteins that promote cell growth and division
Genes that code for proteins that promote cell growth and division are
Oncogenes
Genes that code for proteins that protect against transformation
Tumour supressor genes
A malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands is a
Salivary Adenocarcinoma
- Where: Salivary
- Malignant: carcinoma
- Of gland: adenocarcinoma
A salivary adenoma is a
Benign neoplasm of the salivary glands
A malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelium
Squamous cell carcinoma
A squamous papilloma is
A benign neoplasm of squamous epithelium
A malignant neoplasm of the transitional epithelium of the bladder
Transitional cell carcinoma
A benign neoplasm of hepatocytes
Hepatoma
A hepatocellular carcinoma is a
Malignant neoplasm of hepatocytes
A pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a
Malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas
A malignant neoplasm of the bile ducts is called a
Cholangiocellular adenocarcinoma
A benign neoplasm of fibroblasts is called a
Fibroma
A benign neoplasm of chondrocytes is called a
Chondroma
A malignant neoplasm of osteoblasts is called a
Osteosarcoma
A hemangiosarcoma is
A malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells
A hemangiomas is
A benign neoplasm of endothelial cells
A benign neoplasm of smooth muscle is called a
Leiomyoma
A rhabdomyosarcoma is a
A malignant neoplasm of skeletal muscle
A lymphoma is a
A malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes
A malignant neoplasm of melanocytes is called a
Malignant melanoma
A benign neoplasm of melanocytes is called a
Benign melanoma
A malignant neoplasm of cels in the adrenal medulla is called a
Malignant pheochromocytoma
A malignant neoplasm of cells differentiated into hepatocytes and bile ducts
Malignant hepatoblastoma
A benign neoplasm of cell differnetiated into renal tubule cells and glomeruli
Benign nephroblastoma
A malignant trichoblastoma is
A malignant neoplasm of cells that have differentiated into multiple epidermal cell type
A malignant neoplasm of the testicles comprising multiple tissue components
A malignant testicular teratoma
A benign ovarian teratoma
A benign ovarian tumor comprising multiple tissue types
A neoplasm of the bone marrow that results in circulating neoplastic cells
A leukemia
A neutrophilic leukemia
A neoplasm of the bone marrow resulting in circulating neoplastic neutrophils
An intraepithelial neoplasm that is confined by the basement membrane
An in situ carcinoma
The best way to predict the behaviour of a neoplasm is after
microscopic examination of the tumor
Five criteria that can be assessed grossly that can be used to predict neoplasm behavior are
- Location on the body and signalment,
2. Speed of growth, 3.Number of masses, 4. Presence of necrosis, 5.Infiltration
Malignant neoplasms often contain necrosis because
Their rapid cell growth outgrows their blood supply
A cholangiocellular adenocarcinoma often contains necrosis resulting in a
Umbilicated appearance
The five microscopic criteria used to differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms are
- Cell differentiation
- Anaplasia
- Mitosis
- Invasion
- Metastasis
The most common skin neoplasm of dogs is
A cutaneous histiocytoma
Cutaneous histiocytomas most commonly develop on the
Head and feet of dogs
Mast cell tumours are most common in what breed of dog?
Boxers (also pugs, Retrievers, and Boston terriers)
Benign tumors can grow rapidly if
They contain inflammation
Multiple masses within the skin is more consistent with
Multiple primary neoplasms
One mass within one organ and multiple masses within the liver or lung suggests
Metastasis of a primary neoplasm
Necrosis is more common in
Rapidly growing neoplasms that outgrow their blood supply
Rapid growth is more consistent with what neoplasm behaviour (b or m)
Malignant
Infiltration is a defining characteristic of what neoplasm behavior (b or m)
Malignant
Benign tumors by definition do not
Invade surrounding tissue
The two ways microscopic examination of tumors can be done are
Cytology or histology
The best first test to evaluate a skin neoplasm is
Fine Needle Aspirate and cytology
A canine melanoma that develops in haired skin is more likely to be (b or m)
Benign
A canine melanoma that develops in non-haired skin is more likely to be (b or m)
Malignant
Feline mammary gland neoplasms are invariably (benign or malignant)
Malignant
What proportion of canine mammary gland neoplasms are malignant
Around 50%
Poor cell differentiation indicates
Lots of mutations and a malignant behavior
The presence of wide a variation in the appearance of neoplastic cells is called
Anaplasia
Differentiation of a neoplasm is
The degree to which neoplastic cells appear similar to normal cells of that type
The mitotic rate is a measure of what in a neoplasm what behavior
The rate of growth of the neoplasm
In some neoplasm types a high mitotic rate indicates (b or m)
Likely malignant behavior
The presence of bizarre mitoses suggests
Lots of mutations and a malignant behavior
When the lymph nodes and lungs are evaluated for the presence of tumor spread this is called
Staging of a neoplasm
As neoplasms grow faster that the host they can either…
Compress surrounding tissue or invade surrounding tissue
As benign neoplasms compress surrounding tissues this makes them easier to
surgically remove
