Neoplasia 3

Question 1

What does the term carcinogens refer to?

Answer 1

Causes of cancer

Question 2

What is the biggest preventable cause of cancer?

Answer 2

Smoking

• Most commonly lung cancer
• Can also affect mouth, pharynx, nose, liver, pancreas, stomach, bowel, ovary

Question 3

What is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer?

Answer 3

Obesity

Question 4

List some types of carcinogens

Answer 4

• Chemical carcinogens e.g. dyes, cigarettes
• Radiation
• Infections e.g. HPV
• Inheritance

Question 5

What are the 6 hallmarks of cancer?

Answer 5

1) Self sufficiency in growth signals (without stimuli)
2) Resistance to growth stop signals
3) Cell immortalisation (no limit to growth)
4) Sustained ability to induce new blood vessels (e.g. VEGF)
5) Resistance to apoptosis
6) Ability to induce and produce metastases (e.g. E-cadherin mutation)