Neoplasia Flashcards
1
Q
Sarcoma
A
- malignant tumours of mesenchymal origin
2
Q
Carcinoma
A
- malignant tumours of epithelial origin
3
Q
Adenocarcinoma
A
- glandular pattern, mucin
4
Q
Teratoma
A
- tumour cells representative of 2 or more germ layers
5
Q
Choristoma
A
- ectopic rest
- Ex. in GI, can find pancreatic tissue
6
Q
Hamartoma
A
- disorganised normal tissue
7
Q
Fibromatosis aka desmoid tumour
A
- A soft tissue tumour composed of proliferating fibroblast
- histologicall appear benign
- invade locally but do not metastasize
8
Q
Carcinoid tumour
A
- tumour of low grade malignancy composed of neuroendocrine cell
9
Q
Endophytic tumour
A
- gross apperance (cauliflower) of tumour which is growing inward
10
Q
Exophytic tumour
A
- refers to gross appearance of a tumour which is growing outward (mushroom-like)
11
Q
Metastasis pathways
A
- Seeding via body cavities: peritoneal cavity is the most common site
- ovarian carcinoma
- pericardial/pleural/subarachnoid cavities
- Lymphatic spread: most common initial dissemination for carcinomas
- follow natural drainage
- Hematogenous spread:
- favoured by sarcoma
- liver and lungs are frequent sites
12
Q
Monoclonality of neoplastic cells
A
- can be established by examing G6PD isoforms
- Neoplasia: only 1 isoform
- Hyperplasia > 1 isoform
13
Q
Tumour growth
A
- clinically detectable tumour: 1 cm3 (1 gm) = 10e8 to 10e9 cells
- 30 doubling from a single cell not including cell loss
- 10 doublings from this stage = 1 kg
14
Q
Angiogenic factors
A
- VEGF: signal is TK so treat w TK inhibitor to starve tumour to death
- FGF
- PDGF
- HIFalpha
15
Q
Invasion of ECM
A
- Detachment of tumor cells: reduced Cadherins (normally causes cell adhesion)
- Extracell matrix protein degradation by enzymes: collagenase, cathepsin B
- Attachments to ECM protein components
- laminin receptors, integrins
- new sites genrated by MMP2, MMP9 - secreted by tumours
- Movement thru ECM proteins: autocrine motility factors
