Neoplasia Flashcards
1
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
well differentiated
A
BENIGN
2
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
typical structure
A
BENIGN
3
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
slowly progressive rate of growth
A
BENIGN
4
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
Mitotic figures: Rare
A
BENIGN
5
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
well demarcated borders
A
BENIGN
6
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
non-invasive
A
BENIGN
7
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
No metastasis
A
BENIGN
8
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
lack of differentiation with anaplasia
A
MALIGNANT
9
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
atypical structure
A
MALIGNANT
10
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
erratic growth
A
MALIGNANT
11
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
numerous mitotic figures
A
MALIGNANT
12
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
Infiltrating border
A
MALIGNANT
13
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
locally invasive
A
MALIGNANT
14
Q
BENIGN or MALIGNANT:
Metastasis frequently present
A
MALIGNANT
15
Q
Hallmark of malignancy
A
METASTASIS
16
Q
TUMOR LIKE CONDITION:
non-neoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue INDIGENOUS to a particular site
A
HAMARTOMA
17
Q
TUMOR LIKE CONDITION:
Peutz - Jeghers polyp
A
HAMARTOMA
18
Q
TUMOR LIKE CONDITION
non-neoplastic NORMAL TISSUE in a FOREIGN location
A
CHORISTOMA
19
Q
HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA
increase in number of cells
A
HYPERPLASIA
20
Q
HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA
replacement of 1 cell type to another
(secondary to irritation or environment)
A
METAPLASIA
21
Q
HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA
abnormal growth with loss of cellular orientation
often PRENEOPLASTIC
A
DYSPLASIA
22
Q
HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA
abnormal cells lacking differentiation
A
ANAPLASIA
23
Q
HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA
uncontrolled and excessive clonal proliferation of cells
A
NEOPLASIA
24
Q
HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA
fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm
A
DESMOPLASIA
25
PROTO-ONCOGENES
abl (bc3-abl)
CML
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
26
PROTO-ONCOGENES
c-myc
Burkitt's Lymphoma
27
PROTO-ONCOGENES
bcl-2
Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas
28
PROTO-ONCOGENES
erb-B2
Breast, ovarian and gastric CA
29
PROTO-ONCOGENES
ras
Colon Carcinoma
30
PROTO-ONCOGENES
L-myc
Lung Cancer
31
PROTO-ONCOGENES
N-myc
Neuroblastoma
32
PROTO-ONCOGENES
ret
MEN 2 and 3
33
PROTO-ONCOGENES
c-kit
GIST
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
34
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
Rb 13q
Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
35
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
BRCA 1 17q
BRCA 2 13q
Breast and Ovarian Ca
36
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
p53 17p
Li Fraumeni Syndrome
| and most human cancers
37
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
p16 9p
Melanoma, Pancreatic Carcinoma
38
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
APC 5q
Colorectal Cancer
39
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
WT1 11p
Wilm's tumor
40
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
NF1 17q
Neurofibromatosis type 1
41
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
NF2 22q
Neurofibromatosis type 2
42
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
DPC 18q
Pancreatic Cancer
43
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
DCC 18q
Colon Cancer
44
tumor cells are monoclonal
high NC ratio and clumped chromatin
encompasses entire thickness
does not invade basement membrane
Carcinoma in situ
45
invades basement membrane using COLLAGENASES and HYDROLASES
Invasion
46
```
seed and soil theory
angiogenesis
DECREASE Cadherin
INCREASE Laminin
Spread to distant organ
```
Metastasis
47
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Down Syndrome
ALL and AML
48
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Xeroderma Pigmentosums
Albinism
Melanoma
Basal Cell CA
Squamous Cell CA of Skin
49
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis
Pernicious Anemia
Postsurgical Gastric Remnants
Type B Gastritis
Gastric AdenoCA
50
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Tuberous Sclerosis
Astrocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
51
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Actinic Keratosis
Squamous cell CA of Skin
52
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Barrett esophagus
Esophageal AdenoCA
53
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Squamous Cell of ESOPHAGUS
54
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular CA
55
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Ulcerative Colitis
Colonic AdenoCa
56
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Paget's disease of bone
Secondary Osteosarcoma
| Fibrosarcoma
57
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Immunodeficiency states
Malignant Lymphoma
58
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
AIDS
Aggressive malignant lymphoma (Non-hodgkins)
59
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Autoimmune diseases
Lymphoma
60
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Acanthosis nigricans
Visceral malignancy
61
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Dysplastic nevus
Malignant melanoma
62
PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY
Radiation exposure
Sarcoma
| Papillary Thyroid CA
63
CARCINOGENS
Aflatoxin
Hepatocellular CA
64
CARCINOGENS
Vinyl Chloride
Liver angiosarcoma
65
CARCINOGENS
CCl4
Centrilobular necrosis, fatty liver
66
CARCINOGENS
Nitrosamines
Esophagus, stomach
67
CARCINOGENS
Cigarette smoke
Squamous cell CA of larynx, lung
Small Cell CA of Lung
Renal Cell CA
Bladder/ Transitional Cell CA
68
CARCINOGENS
Asbestos
Mesothelioma
| Bronchogenic CA
69
CARCINOGENS
Arsenic
Squamous Cell CA of skin
| Angiosarcoma (liver)
70
CARCINOGENS
Naphthalene dyes
Urothelial cell CA (Bladder/transitional Cell CA)
71
CARCINOGENS
Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide
Leukemia
72
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis viverrini
Hepatocellular CA
73
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
Helicobacter pylori
Gastric AdenoCA
| MALT Lymphoma
74
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
HBV
HCV
Hepatocellular CA
75
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
EBV (4 types)
1. B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma
2. Hodgkin lymphoma
3. Burkitt's lymphoma
4. Nasopharyngeal CA
76
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
HTLV - 1
Adult T-Cell Leukemia
77
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
HIV
HHV 8
(2 types)
1. Primary CNS lymphoma
| 2. Kaposi Sarcoma
78
ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS
Schistosoma haematobium
Squamous cell Carcinoma of the bladder
79
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
| ```
Cushing Syndrome
3 types
```
1. Small cell carcinoma of lung
2. Pancreatic Carcinoma
3. Neural Tumors
80
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
81
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
| Hypercalcemia
3 types
1. Squamous Cell CA of lung
2. Breast CA
3. Renal CA
82
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
Hypoglycemia
Ovarian Carcinoma
| Fibrosarcoma
83
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
| ```
Carcinoid Syndrome
3 types
```
1. Hepatocellular CA
2. Bronchial Adenoma
3. Pancreatic Ca.
84
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
| Polycythemia
3 types
1. Gastric CA
2. Renal CA
3. Cerebellar hemangioma
85
most common cancer in CHINA
due to EBV
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
86
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia
Lung CA
87
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
Acanthosis Nigricans
Visceral malignancies
88
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Lung Ca
89
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
| ```
Trousseau syndrome
2 types
```
1. Pancreatic CA
| 2. Lung CA
90
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
S. bovis
Colon Cancer
91
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
Red Cell Aplasia
Thymoma
92
ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer
| ```
Nephrotic Syndrome
2 types
```
1. Hodgkin's lymphoma
| 2. Lung Carcinoma
93
Most common cancer in JAPAN
Gastric adenoCA
94
chemotherapy causes release of break-down products of dying cancer cells causing multiple elecrolyte abnormalities
Presents as:
Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy
Acute Renal Failure
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
95
Treatment for TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
Sodium Bicarbonate
Allopurinol
Hydration
96
TUMOR MARKERS
PSA
prostate cancer
(organ specific, not cancer specific)
may also indicate BPH
PSA DENSITY more predicitive of cancer
97
TUMOR MARKER
Prostatic acid phosphatase
Prostate Cancer
98
TUMOR MARKER
CEA
1. Colorectal Cancer
2. Pancreatic Cancer
3. Gastric Cancer
4. Breast Cancer
99
TUMOR MARKER
AFP
Hepatocellular CA, Nonseminomatous GCTs (yolk sac)
100
TUMOR MARKER
b-HCG
HCG
1. Hydatidiform mole
2. Choriocarcinoma
3. Gestational Trophoblastic tumor
101
TUMOR MARKER
CA - 125
1. Ovarian Cancer
| 2. Malignant Epithelial tumors
102
TUMOR MARKER
S-100
1. Melanoma
2. Neural Tumors
3. Astrocytoma
103
TUMOR MARKER
Alkaline phosphatase
1. Bone Mets
2. Paget's disease of BONE
3. Obstructive biliary disease
104
TUMOR MARKER
Bombesin
1. Neuroblastoma
2. Lung Cancer
3. Gastric Cancer
105
TUMOR MARKER
| TRAP
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
Hairy cell leukemia
| TRAP the HAIRY ANIMAL) (TOPNOTCH p29
106
TUMOR MARKER
CA 19-9
1. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
| 2. Mucinous adenocarcinoma
107
BRAIN METASTASES come from
1. Lung
2. Breast
3. Skin (Melanoma)
4. Kidney (Renal Cell CA)
5. Gastrointestinal CA
108
LIVER METASTASES come from
1. Colon
2. Stomach
3. Pancreas
4. Breast
5. Lung
109
BONE METASTASES come from
1. Prostate (blastic)
2. Thyroid (follicular)
3. Testes
4. Breast (lytic and blastic)
5. Lung (lytic)
6. Kidney
