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PATHO > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

well differentiated

A

BENIGN

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2
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

typical structure

A

BENIGN

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3
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

slowly progressive rate of growth

A

BENIGN

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4
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

Mitotic figures: Rare

A

BENIGN

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5
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

well demarcated borders

A

BENIGN

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6
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

non-invasive

A

BENIGN

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7
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

No metastasis

A

BENIGN

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8
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

lack of differentiation with anaplasia

A

MALIGNANT

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9
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

atypical structure

A

MALIGNANT

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10
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

erratic growth

A

MALIGNANT

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11
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

numerous mitotic figures

A

MALIGNANT

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12
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

Infiltrating border

A

MALIGNANT

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13
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

locally invasive

A

MALIGNANT

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14
Q

BENIGN or MALIGNANT:

Metastasis frequently present

A

MALIGNANT

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15
Q

Hallmark of malignancy

A

METASTASIS

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16
Q

TUMOR LIKE CONDITION:

non-neoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue INDIGENOUS to a particular site

A

HAMARTOMA

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17
Q

TUMOR LIKE CONDITION:

Peutz - Jeghers polyp

A

HAMARTOMA

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18
Q

TUMOR LIKE CONDITION

non-neoplastic NORMAL TISSUE in a FOREIGN location

A

CHORISTOMA

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19
Q

HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA

increase in number of cells

A

HYPERPLASIA

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20
Q

HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA

replacement of 1 cell type to another
(secondary to irritation or environment)

A

METAPLASIA

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21
Q

HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA

abnormal growth with loss of cellular orientation
often PRENEOPLASTIC

A

DYSPLASIA

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22
Q

HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA

abnormal cells lacking differentiation

A

ANAPLASIA

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23
Q

HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA

uncontrolled and excessive clonal proliferation of cells

A

NEOPLASIA

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24
Q

HYPERPLASIA, METAPLASIA or DYPLASIA
NEOPLASIA, ANAPLASIA, or DESMOPLASIA

fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm

A

DESMOPLASIA

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25
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

abl (bc3-abl)

A

CML

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

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26
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

c-myc

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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27
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

bcl-2

A

Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

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28
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

erb-B2

A

Breast, ovarian and gastric CA

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29
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

ras

A

Colon Carcinoma

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30
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

L-myc

A

Lung Cancer

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31
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

N-myc

A

Neuroblastoma

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32
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

ret

A

MEN 2 and 3

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33
Q

PROTO-ONCOGENES

c-kit

A

GIST

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

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34
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

Rb 13q

A

Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma

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35
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

BRCA 1 17q
BRCA 2 13q

A

Breast and Ovarian Ca

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36
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

p53 17p

A

Li Fraumeni Syndrome

and most human cancers

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37
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

p16 9p

A

Melanoma, Pancreatic Carcinoma

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38
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

APC 5q

A

Colorectal Cancer

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39
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

WT1 11p

A

Wilm’s tumor

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40
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

NF1 17q

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

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41
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

NF2 22q

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

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42
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

DPC 18q

A

Pancreatic Cancer

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43
Q

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

DCC 18q

A

Colon Cancer

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44
Q

tumor cells are monoclonal
high NC ratio and clumped chromatin
encompasses entire thickness
does not invade basement membrane

A

Carcinoma in situ

45
Q

invades basement membrane using COLLAGENASES and HYDROLASES

46
Q 
seed and soil theory
angiogenesis
DECREASE Cadherin
INCREASE Laminin
Spread to distant organ
A

Metastasis

47
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Down Syndrome

A

ALL and AML

48
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Xeroderma Pigmentosums
Albinism

A

Melanoma
Basal Cell CA
Squamous Cell CA of Skin

49
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis
Pernicious Anemia
Postsurgical Gastric Remnants
Type B Gastritis

A

Gastric AdenoCA

50
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Tuberous Sclerosis

A

Astrocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

51
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Actinic Keratosis

A

Squamous cell CA of Skin

52
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Barrett esophagus

A

Esophageal AdenoCA

53
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A

Squamous Cell of ESOPHAGUS

54
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular CA

55
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Colonic AdenoCa

56
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Paget’s disease of bone

A

Secondary Osteosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma

57
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Immunodeficiency states

A

Malignant Lymphoma

58
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

AIDS

A

Aggressive malignant lymphoma (Non-hodgkins)

59
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Autoimmune diseases

60
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Visceral malignancy

61
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Dysplastic nevus

A

Malignant melanoma

62
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC DISEASES:MALIGNANCY

Radiation exposure

A

Sarcoma

Papillary Thyroid CA

63
Q

CARCINOGENS

Aflatoxin

A

Hepatocellular CA

64
Q

CARCINOGENS

Vinyl Chloride

A

Liver angiosarcoma

65
Q

CARCINOGENS

CCl4

A

Centrilobular necrosis, fatty liver

66
Q

CARCINOGENS

Nitrosamines

A

Esophagus, stomach

67
Q

CARCINOGENS

Cigarette smoke

A

Squamous cell CA of larynx, lung
Small Cell CA of Lung
Renal Cell CA
Bladder/ Transitional Cell CA

68
Q

CARCINOGENS

Asbestos

A

Mesothelioma

Bronchogenic CA

69
Q

CARCINOGENS

Arsenic

A

Squamous Cell CA of skin

Angiosarcoma (liver)

70
Q

CARCINOGENS

Naphthalene dyes

A

Urothelial cell CA (Bladder/transitional Cell CA)

71
Q

CARCINOGENS

Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide

72
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis viverrini

A

Hepatocellular CA

73
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

Helicobacter pylori

A

Gastric AdenoCA

MALT Lymphoma

74
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

HBV
HCV

A

Hepatocellular CA

75
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

EBV (4 types)

A
  1. B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma
  2. Hodgkin lymphoma
  3. Burkitt’s lymphoma
  4. Nasopharyngeal CA
76
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

HTLV - 1

A

Adult T-Cell Leukemia

77
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

HIV
HHV 8

(2 types)

A
  1. Primary CNS lymphoma

2. Kaposi Sarcoma

78
Q

ONCOGENIC INFECTIONS

Schistosoma haematobium

A

Squamous cell Carcinoma of the bladder

79
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

```
Cushing Syndrome
3 types
~~~

A
  1. Small cell carcinoma of lung
  2. Pancreatic Carcinoma
  3. Neural Tumors
80
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

81
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Hypercalcemia
3 types

A
  1. Squamous Cell CA of lung
  2. Breast CA
  3. Renal CA
82
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Hypoglycemia

A

Ovarian Carcinoma

Fibrosarcoma

83
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

```
Carcinoid Syndrome
3 types
~~~

A
  1. Hepatocellular CA
  2. Bronchial Adenoma
  3. Pancreatic Ca.
84
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Polycythemia
3 types

A
  1. Gastric CA
  2. Renal CA
  3. Cerebellar hemangioma
85
Q

most common cancer in CHINA

due to EBV

A

Nasopharyngeal Cancer

86
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia

87
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Acanthosis Nigricans

A

Visceral malignancies

88
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

89
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

```
Trousseau syndrome
2 types
~~~

A
  1. Pancreatic CA

2. Lung CA

90
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
S. bovis

A

Colon Cancer

91
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

Red Cell Aplasia

92
Q

ENDOCRINOPATHIES: Underlying Cancer

```
Nephrotic Syndrome
2 types
~~~

A
  1. Hodgkin’s lymphoma

2. Lung Carcinoma

93
Q

Most common cancer in JAPAN

A

Gastric adenoCA

94
Q

chemotherapy causes release of break-down products of dying cancer cells causing multiple elecrolyte abnormalities

Presents as:
Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy
Acute Renal Failure

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

95
Q

Treatment for TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME

A

Sodium Bicarbonate
Allopurinol
Hydration

96
Q

TUMOR MARKERS

PSA

A

prostate cancer
(organ specific, not cancer specific)

may also indicate BPH
PSA DENSITY more predicitive of cancer

97
Q

TUMOR MARKER

Prostatic acid phosphatase

A

Prostate Cancer

98
Q

TUMOR MARKER

CEA

A
  1. Colorectal Cancer
  2. Pancreatic Cancer
  3. Gastric Cancer
  4. Breast Cancer
99
Q

TUMOR MARKER

AFP

A

Hepatocellular CA, Nonseminomatous GCTs (yolk sac)

100
Q

TUMOR MARKER

b-HCG

A

HCG

  1. Hydatidiform mole
  2. Choriocarcinoma
  3. Gestational Trophoblastic tumor
101
Q

TUMOR MARKER

CA - 125

A
  1. Ovarian Cancer

2. Malignant Epithelial tumors

102
Q

TUMOR MARKER

S-100

A
  1. Melanoma
  2. Neural Tumors
  3. Astrocytoma
103
Q

TUMOR MARKER

Alkaline phosphatase

A
  1. Bone Mets
  2. Paget’s disease of BONE
  3. Obstructive biliary disease
104
Q

TUMOR MARKER

Bombesin

A
  1. Neuroblastoma
  2. Lung Cancer
  3. Gastric Cancer
105
Q

TUMOR MARKER

TRAP
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase

A

Hairy cell leukemia

TRAP the HAIRY ANIMAL) (TOPNOTCH p29

106
Q

TUMOR MARKER

CA 19-9

A
  1. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

2. Mucinous adenocarcinoma

107
Q

BRAIN METASTASES come from

A
  1. Lung
  2. Breast
  3. Skin (Melanoma)
  4. Kidney (Renal Cell CA)
  5. Gastrointestinal CA
108
Q

LIVER METASTASES come from

A
  1. Colon
  2. Stomach
  3. Pancreas
  4. Breast
  5. Lung
109
Q

BONE METASTASES come from

A
  1. Prostate (blastic)
  2. Thyroid (follicular)
  3. Testes
  4. Breast (lytic and blastic)
  5. Lung (lytic)
  6. Kidney

PATHO (3 decks)

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