Lower Urinary Tract

Question 1

most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children

Answer 1

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Question 2

3 ureteric constrictions

Answer 2

1. UreteroPelvic Junction
2. UreteroVesical Junction
3. Where the ureters cross the Iliac Vessels

Question 3

Extreme excruciating pain
sudden onset
originates in the flank, radiates to the back
PWI: ureteral obstruction

Answer 3

Ureterolithodynia

Question 4

2 Causes of ureteral obstruction in PREGNANCY

Answer 4

1. PROGESTERONE (mediates smooth muscle relaxation)

2. gross pressure/compression on ureters

Question 5

Class of drugs associated with causing RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

Answer 5

ERGOT DERIVATIVES

anti-migraine drugs: methysERGide

Question 6

Varicocoeles are more common in the RIGHT or LEFT Testis?

Answer 6

LEFT TESTIS

Left testicular vein drains into the Left Renal Veins
while
Right testicular vein drains strait to the IVC (lower pressure)

Question 7

Developmental failure in the anterior wall of the abdomen and bladder

Answer 7

Bladder Exstrophy

Question 8

2 Malignant transformations from bladder exstrophy

Answer 8

1. Colonic glandular metaplasia

2. AdenoCA of the bladder

Question 9

most common and serious urinary bladder anomaly

Answer 9

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 10

major contributor to renal infection and scarring

Answer 10

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 11

Developmental failure in the anterior wall of the abdomen and bladder

Answer 11

Bladder Exstrophy

Question 12

2 Malignant transformations from bladder exstrophy

Answer 12

1. Colonic glandular metaplasia

2. AdenoCA of the bladder

Question 13

most common and serious urinary bladder anomaly

Answer 13

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 14

major contributor to renal infection and scarring

Answer 14

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 15

as a result of failure of obliteration of the allantois

Answer 15

Patent urachus

Question 16

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

Urine is drained from the umbilicus

Answer 16

patent urachus

Question 17

most common cause of bladder adenocarcinoma

Answer 17

patent urachus

Question 18

EMBRYOLOGIC REMNANT:

Umbilical Arteries

Answer 18

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Umbilical Ligament

Question 19

EMBRYOLOGIC REMNANT:

Umbilical Vein

Answer 19

Ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 20

EMBRYOLOGIC REMNANT:

Urachus

Answer 20

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Umbilical Ligament

Question 21

EMBRYOLOGIC REMNANT:

Foramen Ovale

Answer 21

Fossa Ovalis

Question 22

EMBRYOLOGIC REMNANT:

Ductus Venosus

Answer 22

Ligamentum venosum

Question 23

EMBRYOLOGIC REMNANT:

Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 23

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 24

CLINICAL TRIAD:

1. Suprapubic pain
2. Dysuria
3. Urinary frequency

Answer 24

Acute Cystitis

Question 25

4 most common bacteria that cause ACUTE BACTERIAL CYSTITIS

Answer 25

KEEP

K - klebsiella
E - Enterobacter
E - Escherichia coli
P - Proteus

** all gram negative bacteria

Question 26

MORPHOLOGY:

suppurative neutrophilic infiltration
hyperemic bladder with exudation

Answer 26

Acute Cystitis

Question 27

MORPHOLOGY:

more extreme heaping of epithelium with
RED, FRIABLE, GRANULAR (sometimes ulcerated) surface

Answer 27

Chronic Cystitis

Question 28

MORPHOLOGY:

Aggregation of lymphocytes into lymphoid follicles within bladder mucosa and underlying wall

Answer 28

Chronic FOLLICULAR cystitis

Question 29

MORPHOLOGY:

infiltration with submucosal eosinophils (bladder)
usually as a manifestation from an allergic reaction

Answer 29

Chronic Eosinophilic cystitis

Question 30

type of cystitis from Schistosoma haematobium infection

Answer 30

HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS

Question 31

bladder infection with Schistosoma haemotobium predisposes one to:

Answer 31

Squamous Cell CA of bladder

Question 32

etiologic agent:

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 32

Schistosoma haematobium