Neoplasia Flashcards
Neoplasia
New growth
Tumour
Same as neoplasm
Oncology
Study of tumours or neoplasms
Benign neoplasm
Remains localised, cannot spread to other sites. Patient generally survives
Malignant neoplasms
Capable of invasive and destructive growrh and can metastasise
Dysplasia
Disordered growth
Differentiation
Degree to which tumour cells histologically resembe the cell or tissue of origin
Anaplasia
Lacking differentiation. It defies accurate classification
Invasion
The tendency of tumour cells to breach their basement, spread beyond the layer of tissue in which they developed growing into surrounding healthy tissues.
Also called infiltration
Tumour suffix
-oma
Benign epithelial tumours are either
Papillomas
Adenomas
Malignant epithelial tumours are always called
Carcinomas
Malignant tumours of glandula epithelium are always called
Adenocarcinomas
Papillomas
Tumour of non-glandular or non-secretory epithelium such as transitional epithelium or stratifued squamous epithelium
Adenomas
Tumour of glandular or secretory epithelium
Differences between benign and malignant in term of differentiation , rate of growth, local invasion and metastasise
Benign is non-invasive, remains localised, slow growth rate , can not metastasize
Malignant is invasive, rapid growth rate and can metastasize
Tumours named after people
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Pathways of metastasis
Lymphatic (carcinomas, lymph nodes become enlarged)
Haematogenous( sarcomas, some carcinomas)
Transcoelomic spread
Commom sites: peritoneal , pericardial cavities. This results in an effusion of fluid cavity, the fluid is rich in proten and may contain fibrin
Carcinogenesis
Creation of cance
Carcinogenic
Cancer causing
Oncogenic
Tumour causing
Classes if carcinogens
Chemicals, microbes, radiation, muscellanous
Host factor in carcinogen
Race, age, gender, diet , inherited predisposition, multistep theory, genetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis
