Neoplasia

Question 1

T/F Tumors of epithelial origin generally are termed “carcinomas” if they are benign and “adenomas” if they are malignant.

Answer 1

1 False - this is reversed

Question 2

T/F If a tumor is located in a critical area of the body, it may be histologically benign yet still have an unfavorable outcome.

Answer 2

2 True - ex: benign brain tumors

Question 3

T/F All neoplasms (1) form tumors, and (2) are malignant.

Answer 3

3 False - not all neoplasms form tumors (ex: leukemia) nor are all tumors malignant

Question 4

T/F Metastasis refers to the ability of a malignant tumor to grow invasively.

Answer 4

4 False

Question 5

T/F The ability to metastasize is an acquired trait for malignant cells; malignant cells do not automatically “know” how to metastasize, but must instead “learn” how to do it

Answer 5

5 True

Question 6

T/F All malignant cells, by definition, have the ability to metastasize.

Answer 6

6 False

Question 7

T/F Like malignant tumors, benign tumors have the ability to metastasize, i.e., to spread by seeding secondary tumors to other parts of the body

Answer 7

7 False

Question 8

T/F Tumors of mesenchymal origin generally take the suffix “-oma” if they are benign or “- sarcoma” if they are malignant.

Answer 8

8 True

Question 9

T/F Carcinoid tumors typically arise from cells of the adrenal medulla and secrete large amounts of epinephrine.

Answer 9

9 False - carcinoid tumors are cancers of neuroendocrine cells, not adrenal cells, and they secrete large amounts of serotonin, not epinephrine

Question 10

T/F Carcinomas are unusual among cancers in that these epithelial tumors progress to cancer in a single step- from healthy epithelium to cancer with no intermediate steps

Answer 10

10 False, actually no cancers are formed in a single step

Question 11

_________________________________ refers to the uncontrolled growth of cells whose proliferation cannot be controlled by normal regulatory mechanisms operating in normal tissue.

Answer 11

20 Neoplasia

Question 12

_______________________ refers to the process by which (cancer) cells move from one site in the body to another; it is the process whereby primary tumors spawn secondary tumors

Answer 12

21 Metastasis

Question 13

_________________________________ are normally functioning genes whose cell products help regulate such body activities as growth and the cell cycle; however, if mutated in specific ways, these genes cause cancer.

Answer 13

22 Proto-oncogene

Question 14

_________________________________ refers to the formation of new blood vessels, a process promoted by tumors to bring in the blood they need to grow.

Answer 14

23 Angiogenesis

Question 15

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Lung

Answer 15

Lung: smoking, cough

Question 16

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Breast

Answer 16

Breast: family hx, lump

Question 17

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Colon

Answer 17

Colon: family hx of polyps, blood in stool

Question 18

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Cervical

Answer 18

Cervical: multiple partners, vaginal bleeding

Question 19

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Uterine

Answer 19

Uterine: hormone imbalance, vaginal bleeding

Question 20

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Prostate

Answer 20

Prostate: old age, dysuria

Question 21

Single greatest risk factor as well as the most common presenting symptom: Skin

Answer 21

Skin: sun exposure & fair skin, skin lesions

Question 22

Which ONE of the following is NOT a characteristic of most neoplastic growths or tumors? A. Neoplastic growth is autonomous; it is independent of growth factors and stimuli that promote the growth of
normal cells
B. Neoplastic growth is invasive rather than expansive and is capable of metastasis
C. Neoplastic growth is excessive; it is unceasing in response to normal regulators of cell proliferation
D. Neoplastic growth is disorganized; it is not prone to following the rules governing the formation of normal tissues
and organs
E. Neoplastic growth is abnormal; it usually leads to the formation of tumors

Answer 22

30 B: this statement applies only to malignant neoplasia

Question 23

Which ONE of the following is NOT known to have possible carcinogenic effects in humans? A. Industrial agents such as asbestos
B. Chemicals, especially polycyclic hydrocarbons such as occur abundantly in cigarette smoke and coal tar C. Certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr and hepatitis B viruses
D. Certain genes, if mutated appropriately
E. Genetics—some cancers are inherited
F. (None, Mr. Silly. All of the above may potentially cause human cancers)

Answer 23

31 F, and this list is just the tip of the iceberg

Question 24

Which ONE of the following is NOT true of carcinoid tumors? Carcinoid tumors… A. … arise from neuroendocrine cells
B. … are aggressive tumors which metastasize early
C. …when symptomatic, usually cause facial flushing
D. … if located in the GI tract, may also cause diarrhea
E. may metastasiz to the liver, causing carcinoid syndrome
F. … when growing as a secondary in the liver, may cause problems with the right heart valves G. … may occur in the lungs as well as the GI tract
H. (None, Mr. Silly. All of the above apply to carcinoid tumors)

Answer 24

32 B, carcinoids grow slowly and have low metastatic potential; when they do metastasize, it is often the liver

Question 25

Benign or malignant: Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 25

I Malignant

Question 26

Benign or malignant: Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 26

ii malignant

Question 27

Benign or malignant: hemangioma

Answer 27

iii benign

Question 28

Benign or malignant: fibroma

Answer 28

iv benign

Question 29

Benign or malignant: leiomyoma

Answer 29

v benign

Question 30

Benign or malignant: teratocarcinoma

Answer 30

vi malignant

Question 31

Benign or malignant: teratoma

Answer 31

vii benign

Question 32

Benign or malignant: polyp

Answer 32

viii benign

Question 33

Benign or malignant: chondrosarcoma

Answer 33

ix malignant

Question 34

Benign or malignant: fibrosarcoma

Answer 34

x malignant

Question 35

Benign or malignant: papilloma

Answer 35

xi benign

Question 36

Benign or malignant: retinoblastoma

Answer 36

xii malignant

Question 37

Benign or malignant: embryonal carcinoma

Answer 37

xiii malignant

Question 38

Benign or malignant: cystadenoma

Answer 38

xiv benign

Question 39

Benign or malignant: adenocarcinoma

Answer 39

xv malignant

Question 40

Benign or malignant: liposarcoma

Answer 40

xvi malignant