Neoplasia 1

Question 1

what is the definition of a “neoplasia”?

Answer 1

“new growth” - loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls

Question 2

Neoplasms behave as _______, competing with normal cells

Answer 2

parasites

Question 3

_________ is the study of neoplasms

Answer 3

oncology

Question 4

the term “malignant” is also known as what?

Answer 4

cancer

Question 5

Most benign tumors are designated by attaching the suffix “______” to their cell type of origin

Answer 5

• oma

e. g., fibroma, osteoma

Question 6

what is a “Adenoma”?

Answer 6

benign gland-forming epithelial tumor or tumor derived from glandular tissue

Question 7

what is a papilloma?

Answer 7

• benign surface epithelial tumor

- characterized by numerous finger-like (papillary) projections

Question 8

a __________ is a proliferation of tissue normally found at that site

Answer 8

Hamartoma

Question 9

___________ are collections of tissue not normally found in that anatomic site - “heterotopic rest”

Answer 9

Choristoma

Question 10

what is a “teratoma”?

Answer 10

neoplasm derived from more than one germ layer

Question 11

Mesenchymal malignancies are termed “_________”

Answer 11

sarcomas

-e.g., fibrosarcoma or osteosarcoma

Question 12

Epithelial malignancies are termed “_________”

Answer 12

carcinoma

• e.g., squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma

Question 13

what does “differentiation” refer to in respect to neoplasms?

Answer 13

refers to how well the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm resemble their normal tissue of origin

Question 14

________ tumors almost always closely resemble normal tissue microscopically

Answer 14

benign

Question 15

Malignant tumors may have a wide range of ___________

Answer 15

differentiation

Question 16

what is the difference between high-grade, and low-grade, malignancies?

Answer 16

low-grade: resemble normal tissue to a large extent

high-grade: poorly-differentiated malignancies are termed “anaplastic”

Question 17

what is the definition of “Anaplasia”?

Answer 17

• Malignancies composed of poorly differentiated cells

- most extreme disturbance in cell growth and differentiation

Question 18

name the features of Anaplasias

Answer 18

Malignancies composed of poorly differentiated cells:

• pleomorphism
• nuclear hyperchromatism and variation in nuclear size and shape
• numerous and atypical mitoses

Question 19

___________ are disorderly, but non-neoplastic growth or proliferation

Answer 19

dysplasias

Question 20

T/F: dysplasias have the potential to become invasive carcinomas

Answer 20

True

Question 21

____________ malignancies can also grow relatively slowly, while _________________ lesions tend to grow rapidly

Answer 21

Well-differentiated

poorly-differentiated

Question 22

Some tumors outgrow their blood supply, resulting in areas of what?

Answer 22

ischemic necrosis

Question 23

how do malignancies grow?

Answer 23

grow by:
- infiltration

• invasion
• destruction of surrounding tissue

Question 24

Malignancies lack well-defined ______

Answer 24

capsules

Question 25

what is the MOST RELIABLE FEATURE for distinguishing malignant from benign tumors�

Answer 25

Local invasiveness

Question 26

what is a Seminoma ?

Answer 26

testicular malignancy

Question 27

____________ is the name given to pleural malignancies

Answer 27

mesothelioma

Question 28

The most severe form of epithelial dysplasia is referred to as ______________

Answer 28

carcinoma-in-situ

Question 29

what are the characteristics of Carcinoma-in-situ?

Answer 29

• has all of the microscopic features of cancer

BUT

• the atypical cells have not invaded into the host.

Question 30

Hemangiomas and neurofibromas are unique benign neoplasms because they lack __________

Answer 30

a capsule