Neonatology Flashcards
What are the key components of paediatric Basic Life Support (BLS)?
Ensure the scene is safe.
Check for responsiveness.
Shout for help and call for emergency services.
Open the airway (head tilt-chin lift).
Check for breathing for no more than 10 seconds.
Deliver 5 initial rescue breaths.
Start chest compressions if no signs of life.
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio in paediatric BLS for a single rescuer?
30:2.
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio in paediatric BLS for two rescuers?
15:2
How deep should chest compressions be in paediatrics?
One-third of the chest depth or approximately 4 cm for infants and 5 cm for children.
What is the correct rate of chest compressions in paediatrics?
100–120 compressions per minute.
The recommended compression depth for a child during CPR is __________ of the chest depth.
one-third
The initial number of rescue breaths in paediatric resuscitation is __________.
5
The recommended chest compression rate is __________ compressions per minute.
100–120
During paediatric BLS, the compression-to-ventilation ratio for two rescuers is __________.
15:2
Which of the following is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
A. Arrhythmias
B. Trauma
C. Hypoxia and respiratory failure
D. Sepsis
C. Hypoxia and respiratory failure
In paediatric advanced life support, what is the first-line drug for cardiac arrest?
A. Amiodarone
B. Atropine
C. Adrenaline
D. Calcium gluconate
C. Adrenaline
What is the correct energy dose for defibrillation in paediatrics?
A. 1 J/kg
B. 2 J/kg
C. 4 J/kg
D. 10 J/kg
B. 2 J/kg (initial dose, increasing to 4 J/kg if necessary).
T/F: In paediatric CPR, you should perform rescue breaths before starting chest compressions.
True.
T/F: Adrenaline is administered every 3–5 minutes during paediatric resuscitation.
True.
T/F: The recovery position is contraindicated in an unconscious child who is breathing normally.
False (It is recommended to place such a child in the recovery position).
Scenario: A 3-year-old child is found unresponsive, not breathing, but has a pulse of 70 bpm.
Q: What is the next step in resuscitation?
Provide rescue breaths at a rate of 1 breath every 2–3 seconds (20–30 breaths per minute) and recheck the pulse every 2 minutes.
Scenario: A 5-year-old child in cardiac arrest requires defibrillation. The child weighs 20 kg.
Q: What energy dose should be used for the first shock?
40 Joules (2 J/kg × 20 kg).
Arrange the steps of paediatric BLS in the correct order:
A. Open the airway.
B. Deliver 5 initial rescue breaths.
C. Perform chest compressions.
D. Check for breathing.
D → A → B → C
Bag-valve mask →
To deliver rescue breaths.
Defibrillator →
To administer shocks in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Oropharyngeal airway →
To maintain airway patency
Adrenaline →
First-line drug in cardiac arrest.
What are the pros and cons of using an oropharyngeal airway in paediatric resuscitation?
Pros:
Maintains airway patency.
Prevents tongue obstruction.
Cons:
Can cause gagging if the child is semi-conscious.
Risk of trauma during insertion.
Why is it important to deliver rescue breaths before chest compressions in paediatric BLS?
Cardiac arrest in children is commonly caused by hypoxia or respiratory failure. Delivering rescue breaths helps correct hypoxia and improves oxygenation, which is critical for restoring circulation.