Neonatology Flashcards
The umbilical vein typically has a hypo or hyperechoic center?
(Hypoechoic, hyperechoic could indicate infection)
What is the typical size for normal umbilical arteries?
(Less than 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter)
Omphalitis is most prevalent in neonates less than how many days old?
(14 days old)
What is the most common general cause of omphalitis?
(Infectious, others are inflammatory causes (improper iodine application or use of cautery agents) and improper cord separation)
In what cases of omphalitis can you use medical treatment?
(Mild cases → normal temp, normal CBC, no complications)
What is the most common malformation of the equine urinary tract?
(Patent urachus)
If a medically management patent urachus does not close within what time period will you then default to surgery?
(3 days)
Are colts or fillies more likely to be affected by a uroperitoneum?
(Colts)
What are the classic blood chemistry changes in a foal with a uroperitoneum? Four answers.
(Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia, and azotemia)
What are you looking for if performing an abdominocentesis on a foal you suspect has a uroperitoneum?
(For the peritoneal fluid:serum creatinine to be > 2:1)
Will a foal with a uroabdomen be bradycardic or tachycardic?
(Brady d/t the hyperkalemia)
Why are severe cases of uroabdomen associated with hypoxemia?
(Bc the related distended abdomen decreases the capacity of the lungs → hypoxemia)
You just received your chem results back on a foal with a uroabdomen, their potassium is 5.8 mEq/L, is it appropriate to go to surgery at this time?
(No, you want the potassium to be < 5.5 mEq/L prior to surgery and the foal generally needs to be stable)
What is the most common congenital cause of urinary incontinence in dogs?
(Ectopic ureters)
Why are 50% of ectopic ureter cases still incontinent after surgery?
(Bc they had urethral sphincter incontinence as well so correcting the ectopic ureter is not enough)
In what cases of umbilical hernias can you use conservative management?
(Easily reduced umbilical hernias, often will spontaneously resolve on their own)
If you are presented with a younger horse with a mild angle of deviation of one of their limbs, what surgical treatment would you pursue?
(Periosteal stripping)
If you are presented with an older (but still young) horse with a more severe angle of deviation of one of their limbs, what surgical treatment would you pursue?
(Both transphyseal bridging and periosteal stripping)
Do you have more time to manipulate more distal or more proximal joints in a horse?
(You have more time to manipulate more proximal joints)
Do you typically observe varus or valgus deformities of the fetlock?
(Varus)
Do you typically observe valgus of the fetlock or the carpus?
(Carpus)
