Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

What cells produce surfactant?

A

Type 2 alveolar cells

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2
Q

When is surfactant first produced?

A

Between 24 and 34 week gestation.

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3
Q

What is the role of surfactant?

A
  • reduces surface tension in the lungs, to stop the alveoli from collapsing
  • maximises surface area of alveoli hence increasing lung compliance (force needed to expand the lungs during inspiration)
  • promotes equal expansion of all alveoli
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4
Q

What should be done immediately after birth?

A
  • skin to skin contact
  • clamping of the umbilical cord
  • dry the baby
  • keep the baby warm - hat and blankets
  • give Vitamin K
  • label the baby
  • measure the weight and length
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5
Q

Why is vitamin K given to babies?

A
  • babies are born with a deficiency in vitamin K
  • giving it helps to prevent bleeding
  • normally given IM injection - stimulates crying which also helps to expand the lungs
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6
Q

What are the benefits of skin to skin contact?

A
  • helps warm the baby
  • improves mother and baby interaction
  • calms the baby
  • can improve breast feeding
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7
Q

What things should be done after the delivery of the baby?

A
  • initiate feeding as soon as the baby is alert enough
  • delay first bath until the baby is warm and stable - can be a few days
  • newborn examination within 72hrs
  • heel prick - blood test - normally on day 5
  • newborn hearing test
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8
Q

What conditions does the heel prick blood test screen for?

A
  • sickle cell disease
  • cystic fibrosis
  • congenital hypothyroidism
  • phenylketonuria
  • medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD)
  • maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
  • isovaleric acidaemia (IVA)
  • glutaric aciduria type 1
  • homocystin
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