Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema?

A

Chronic atopic condition causing inflammation. This is due to defects in the normal continuity of the skin barrier

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2
Q

Describe ezcema presentation

A

dry, red, itchy sore patches of skin - generally on the flexor surfaces - inside of elbows and knees, or on the face/neck. it is often has flares and periods of remission.

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3
Q

What other conditions is ezcema associated with?

A

Atopic conditions - e.g. asthma, hayfever, allergies

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4
Q

What is the maintenance management of eczema?

A

Emollients - thick and greasy to create an artificial barrier over the skin.
Examples - cetraben, diprobasem aveeno cream, E45.

  • avoid exacerbators - e.g. washing powders, scented soaps
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5
Q

How are ezcema flares managed?

A
  • continue regular emollients and creams
  • topical steroids (weakest for shortest period of time) - e.g. hydrocortisone (weak) , dermovate (potent)
  • if infected - antibiotics ( most commonly flucloxacillin)
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6
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

A viral skin infection caused by herpes simplex virus or varciella zoster virus.
Usually occurs in patients with pre-exsiting ezcema or dermatitis as the virus is able to enter the skin to cause the infection.

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7
Q

How does eczema herpeticum present?

A

patient with ezcema that has developed
- widespread
- painful
- erythematous
- vesicular rash (spots containing fluid)
- systemic symptoms - fever, lethargy, irritability
- lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

How is eczema herpeticum diagnosed?

A

Viral skin swab - however normally treated on clinical appearance

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9
Q

What causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster virus

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10
Q

Describe the presentation of chickenpox?

A
  • widespread, erythematous, raised, vesicular (fluid filled), blistering rash.
  • normally starts on trunk or face and spreads outwards, affecting the whole body for 2-5 days.
  • lesions then scab over
  • fever
  • itchiness
  • general fatigue
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11
Q

Describe the infectivity of chicken pox?

A
  • highly infective through direct contact or infected droplets.
  • become symptomatic 10 days - 3 wks after exposure
  • no longer contagious when all the lesions have crusted over
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12
Q

What are some complications of chickenpox?

A
  • bacterial superinfection + sepsis
  • dehydration
  • conjunctival lesions
  • pneumonia
  • encephalitis

Can lay dormant - later reactivated as shingles or Ramsay hunt syndrome

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13
Q

How is chickenpox managed?

A
  • usually self limiting
  • aciclovir - considered if immunocomprimised / at risk of complications
  • can manage symptoms with antipyrexials and antihistamines
  • stay off school and avoid pregnant women until all lesions are crusted over
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14
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

coxsackie A virus

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15
Q

What is the incubation time for hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

3-5 days

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16
Q

Describe the presentation of hand, foot and mouth disease

A
  • starts with URTI infection
  • after 1-2 days - mouth ulcers - may be on the tongue
  • blistering red spots around the body - mainly on the hands, feet and around the mouth - may be itchy
17
Q

How is hand, foot and mouth disease managed?

A
  • supportive - simple analgesia
  • resolves itself after a week to 10 days
  • avoid transmission as is high contagious